Social biology is defined as where we study the behaviour of organisms because of evolution. Sociobiology is very closely related to Darwinism theory, human behaviour and evolution. To develop new characters in the organisms, new genetic changes will happen that lead to changes in the behaviour of organisms.
Question 1: How can we define the term habitat?
Answer: The place where an organism lives.
Explanation: The habitat is the place where an organism lives, it is the natural home for an organism that is equipped with all the necessary surroundings which are important for an organism to survive.
Question 2: Is it true that plants carry out the process of photosynthesis at night?
Answer: No. it’s not true.
Explanation: Plants cannot carry out the process of photosynthesis at night because for photosynthesis the sunlight is required that helps the chlorophyll to becomes activated to perform photosynthesis, plants only make food in the day and store it in the vacuole to utilise it at night.
Question 3: Do birds have teeth? If not, how they will chew food then?
Answer: No, birds don’t have teeth.
Explanation: birds have a special structure called a gizzard which is actually a muscular pouch-like structure to crush their food, the gizzard has the same functions that of teeth.
Question 4: Do you agree with the statement that bats are blind?
Answer: No, bats are not blind, they have a good hearing properties as well.
Explanation: Bats have both hearing and good eyesight properties which help them to find food even in the dark and day times, their good hearing properties help them to find food and hear properly. The vision is very important for them when they interact with each other and watch the predators as well.
Question 5: The theory which states that individuals who are better adapted to environmental conditions are more likely to leave behind more offspring is called?
Answer: The theory is called natural selection.
Explanation: Natural selection is defined as where the characters which are more advantageous for an organism are passed on to the next generation more frequently as compared to the disadvantageous characteristics. Natural selection increases the survival of an organism and therefore the organism leave behind more offspring.
Question 6: Describe darwin’s theory of natural selection.
Answer: The giraffe has a long neck because of the selection pressure and natural selection.
Explanation: Darwin studied that previously both long neck and short neck giraffe are present but only long neck giraffes are survived and they passed on their characters to the next generations.
Question 7: The relationship between an organism in which one organism is benefitted but another organism is harmed.
Answer: Parasitism.
Explanation: Parasitism is the process in which one organism is benefitted but another organism becomes harmed and then ultimately weak and died because the parasite just takes the nutrients from the body of a host. An example is a tapeworm in the intestine is the parasite because it uses all the food in the intestine before it gets absorbed in the body.
Question 8: The birds of the same species are blown to the new island and they are of small beaks, medium beaks and long beaks and the small beaks are favoured, what kind of selection is this?
Answer: Directional selection.
Explanation: Directional selection is always in favour of one extreme phenotype and selects only one phenotype, the selection goes in one direction only, so only small beaks.
Question 9: If the mutation changed the blue beetles into purple beetles which are more toxic to their predators then what would happen to the population over time?
Answer: Nature will select more purple beetles because they become more toxic.
Explanation: The natural will work in favour of purple beetles because they will become very toxic to the birds who eat them and birds will eat more blue beetles and fewer purple beetles,, thus the population of blue beetles become low and purple beetles becomes high.
Question 10: What is the domain to which humans belong?
Answer: Eukaryota.
Explanation: Eukaryota is the advanced domain and it contains plants and animals and humans come in the category of Animalia and bacteria and archaea are different domains that are not that advanced and they contain lower body organisation.