Basic concepts in Redox Reaction:
Oxidation reaction -
The reaction that leads to addition of O, removal of H or removal of electrons during the process is called an oxidation reaction. For example, the ionization of magnesium to form magnesium ion is an oxidation process.
Mg→Mg²⁺ + 2 e⁻
Reduction reaction -
The reaction that leads to addition of H, removal of O or gain of electrons during the process is called a reduction reaction. For example, thermal decomposition of MgOforms Mg and O₂ gas. Here O atom removed from MgOand magnesium ions convert to Mg atoms by gaining two electrons.
Redox reaction-
The chemical reaction that occurs with both oxidation and reduction reactions is called Redox reaction. For example;
Here the change in oxidation of elements before and after the reaction can be used to determine the oxidation and reduction of the substances.
Metathesis reaction -
The reactions in which there is no change in the oxidation state of the atoms before and after the reactions are called metathesis reactions. For example:
Half-reaction method -
The half-reaction method is used to balance the redox reactions. In this method, the oxidation and reduction reactions are separated as half-reactions. Each of the half-reaction is balanced with respect to each atom. The O atom is balanced with the help of H₂Omolecules whereas H atoms are balanced with the help of H⁺ions. If the reaction is conducted in alkaline medium, same number of OH⁻ions are needed to balance hydrogen ions.
Oxidation number method -
In the oxidation number method, first we have to assign the oxidation number to each atom before and after the reaction. The change in oxidation number will decide the oxidation and reduction processes. Next step should be the balancing of electrons for both steps with the balancing of atoms.
Balancing Redox Reaction Equations - Examples:
Sample Redox Reaction Solutions:
Q.1 Which one of the following is an not oxidation reaction?
Answer: b) As there is no change in the oxidation number of any atom.
Q.2 Write the reduction half-reaction of the below reaction:
Solution:
The Redox reaction can be written in two half-reactions. In the oxidation half-reaction, the oxidized substances must be written whereas reduction represents the decrease in oxidation number.
Thus, the reduction half-reaction must be:
As here the oxidation number of Mn changes from +7 to +2.
Q.3 The given reaction is an example of __________reaction.
a) Redox reaction
b) Reduction reaction
c) Metathesis reaction
d) Combustion reaction
Answer: c) Since there is no change in the oxidation number of any of the atoms during the reaction, therefore it must be a metathesis reaction.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a redox reaction explained with an example?
Redox reactions are those reactions which involve oxidation of one substance and reduction of other substances.
For example-
In this reaction C is getting oxidized as oxygen is added to it and Zn is getting reduced as oxygen is removed from it.
Which is the strongest oxidizing agent?
The strongest oxidizing agent is fluorine. Fluorine is a highly electronegative element and has a very strong tendency to accept electrons, as a result the fluorine oxidizes other atoms and gets reduced and gets converted into fluoride ions.
How do you know if it is a redox reaction?
Redox reactions involve reduction and oxidation reactions. If one substance is getting reduced, the other gets oxidized.
If there’s change in oxidation state of a molecule, atom or an ion after the reaction, the reaction is called redox reaction. For example- the reaction of zinc oxide with carbon is a redox reaction.
The oxidation state of zinc changes from +2 to 0 (reduction) and of carbon changes from 0 to +2 (oxidation)
What redox reactions give two examples?
Redox reactions are those reactions which involve oxidation of one substance and reduction of other substances. The oxidation state of a molecule, atom or an ion changes during the reaction.
For example-
In this reaction C is getting oxidized as oxygen is added to it and the oxidation state of zinc changes from +2 to 0 and Zn is getting reduced as oxygen is removed from it and the oxidation state of carbon changes from 0 to +2 (oxidation).
Another example of redox reaction is reaction between Zinc and copper sulphate
The oxidation state of copper changes from +2 to 0 (reduction) and of zinc changes from 0 to +2 (oxidation)