What is Fluid Dynamics?
Fluid is a substance that can flow. And, dynamics refers to the study of motion under the effect of forces. So, fluid dynamics is concerned with the motion of fluid under the action of forces
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Equation of Continuity
It tells us a relationship between the speed of flow and the cross-sectional area of the channel or tube.
The discharge (Q) will remain constant throughout the tube. A decrease in the cross-sectional area (A) would increase the speed of flow (v).
Bernoulli's Equation
In an ideal fluid, applying the principle of conservation of mechanical energy leads to Bernoulli's Equation.
At every point on the flow tube, the sum of pressure, kinetic energy density, and potential energy density would remain constant.
Fluid Dynamics Questions & Answers – Sample
Question 1: A uniform cylindrical tube has a cross-sectional area (A) of 
Explanation: Using the equation of continuity:
Final answer: The velocity of the fluid would be 
Question 2: The inlet cross-sectional area of a tube is 
Explanation: The discharge at the inlet and at the outlet would remain the same. Rewrite the equation of continuity to get the velocity at the outlet.
Given: 
So,
Final answer: The velocity at the outlet would be 
Question 3: A cylindrical water tank has a height of 
Explanation: We will apply Bernoulli's Equation between the top of the tank and the bottom of the tank. Also, there is no external pressure, and 
Final answer: The speed at the bottom side would be 
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Fluid dynamics stands for the flow of liquids or refers to that branch of applied science that deals with the movement of gases and liquids.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main principles of fluid dynamics?
The basic principle of fluid dynamics is the equation of continuity.
It tells us a relationship between the speed of flow v, and the cross-sectional area A, and the discharge Q, of the channel or tube.
Q=AV =constant
What is fluid dynamics used for?
Fluid dynamics is used to study the motion of the fluid under the pressure. Some real-life technological applications of fluid dynamics can be seen in turbines, wind turbines, air conditioning, oil and gas pipelines.
Why is fluid dynamics so hard?
Fluid dynamics is considered an important topic in fluid mechanics. We study the behavior of liquid and gas under the action of pressure.
Since liquid and gas has not a definite shape, when they flow, it becomes difficult to represent the flow using equations. Hence, some assumption needs to be made.
If someone is good at Differential Equations, Multivariable Calculus, Tensor Analysis, I think they will not consider fluid dynamics so hard.
How difficult is fluid dynamics?
I think this depends upon how much you understand the mathematical equations used in fluid dynamics.
We study laminar flow at the beginning of fluid dynamics, and we assume the fluid is ideal. So, the mathematical equations used for them are comparatively easy.
Then we study the turbines. This part of fluid dynamics involves different equations for different turbines. So, here we have more equations.
When we study turbulent flow, unsteady flow, discretization, etc. You may see some advanced mathematical equations. This part of fluid dynamics is comparatively hard.
What are the different types of fluid flow?
- Ideal Fluid: The viscosity is zero, and density does will remain constant.
- Real Fluid: It has viscosity, and density varies across the flow.
- Newtonian Fluid: The fluid which follows Newton’s law of viscosity.
- Non-Newtonian Fluid: The fluid which does not follow Newton’s law of viscosity.
- Compressible Flow: It has variable density, and viscosity can be greater than or equal to zero.
- Incompressible Flow: It has a constant density, and viscosity can be greater than or equal to zero.
What is the difference between fluid mechanics and fluid dynamics?
Under fluid mechanics, we study the behavior of fluid and force on them. Fluid can be at rest or at motion.
However, under fluid dynamics, we study the fluid flow under pressure. In this section, fluid will be in motion. This is a sub-part of fluid mechanics.