The motion of an object is defined as the change in position of the object with respect to time. And, Kinematics refers to comparison and classification of motion.
To locate the position of an object, we need a reference point. Mostly, we consider the reference point at the origin.
In the above diagram, point O is the origin. And, the positive direction is on the right side. Also, the negative direction would be on the left side.
Displacement is the shortest distance possible between the start and end point.
is the displacement between position
and
.
Average velocity could be calculated by taking the ratio of displacement and time interval. It depends upon the direction of motion.
Average speed would be the ratio of total distance covered
and time interval
.
Acceleration could be calculated by taking the ratio of change in velocity and time interval
.
The following equations are true for the constant acceleration.
Question 1: Calculate the displacement between location , and location
Explanation: Let is the displacement between position
and
.
So,
And, we have ,
Final answer: The displacement would be 7 meters.
Question 2: Calculate the velocity of an object after , with a constant acceleration of
. Initially, the object was at rest.
Explanation: We will use the equation of motion .
Final answer: The velocity of the object would be
Question 3: The total distance covered by John during a 17-minute walk is 1.5 km. Calculate the average speed of John in m/s.
Explanation: We will use conversion to rewrite the given details in the SI unit.
17 minutes would be .
And, 1.5 km would be
Now, let us plug the total distance and time interval.
Final answer: The average speed of John would be .
In Physics, Motion can be defined as a change in position of an object with reference to time and is a simplest part of Classical mechanics.
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An object is said to be in motion if it is changing its position with a change in time.
Moving vehicles, the flow of fluid, are some examples of motion.
The three famous laws of motion were introduced by a great physicist Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 AD.
It states that an object at rest would remain at rest, and an object with a uniform motion would remain in motion with the same speed and direction. Unless acted by an unbalanced force upon it.
1st Law: An object moving with a constant speed will stay in motion, and an object at rest will remain at rest. Unless acted by an unbalanced force.
2nd Law: Force is equal to the mass of the object times the acceleration of the object.
3rd Law: Each force that acts on an object, that object will exert an equal and opposite force.
Motion is very important in our everyday life, let us analyze its importance by some examples.
The flow of blood in our veins is due to motion. Imagine, if the blood did not flow, what would happen? This could result in serious problems, even death.
Our planet revolves around the sun. Due to this motion, we observe different seasons, like summer, winter, spring. Imagine living in the same season all of life! Summer?
We observe day and night, this is also because our planet is rotating about its axes.
To identify the motion of an object, we need to see, does the object changes its position with a change in time?
So, if my position changes with a change in time. Then, I am in motion. Example: Sliding.