Which of these can be described as a system of stars gases dust and other matter that orbits a common

first 2 weeks. 50 people who joined the programme are sampled, their weight loss is 9 pounds with a standard deviation of 2.8 pounds. Can we conclude at the .05 level that a person joining the programme will lose less than 10 pounds? (2) The following is a random sample of 90-day futures prices in dollars for 1 troy oz. of silver from The Wall Street Journal issues in May and June of 1997: 4.74, 4.77, 4.87, 4.91, 4.83, 4.72, 4.92, 4.86, 4.97, 4.71, 4.90, 4.93, 4.75, 4.88, 4.79, 4.83, 4.89. Required: a. Calculate the mean b. Median c. Standard deviation of the 90-day future price of silver data (3) A mining company needs to estimate the average amount of copper ore per ton mined. A random sample of 50 tons gives a sample mean of 146,75 pounds. The population standard deviation is assumed to be 35.2 pounds. Required: a. Give a 95% confidence interval for the average amount of copper in the population of tons mined. b. Give a 90% confidence interval for the average amount of coper per ton c. Give a 99% confidence interval for the average amount of coper per ton (4) An e-commerce Website gets 2,385 visitors on a particular day. Among these, 1790 visitors explore the products by looking at more pages at the site. Among these 1790 visitors who explore the products, 387 make a purchase. Required: a. If a visitor chosen at random from all those who visited the site, what is the probability that the visitor explored the products b. If a visitor is chosen at random from all those who visited the site, what is the probability that the visitor made a purchase. c. If a visitor is chosen at random from all those who explored the products, what is the probability that the visitor made a purchase. d. Which of the preceding three probabilities is relevant to the design of the home page that leads to product page.

ooking at how likely a given email is to be spam based on the words it contains. In particular, in this problem we’re going to count how often words are present in spam emails within some set of training data (which here means a set of emails that have already been marked as spam or not spam manually). We have already started to write a function spam_score(spam_file, not_file, word), which takes in two filenames, along with a target word (a lowercase string). Both filenames refer to text files which must be in the same directory as hw07.py (we’ve provided several such files in hw07files.zip). The text files contain one email per line (really just the subject line to keep things simple) - you can assume that these emails will be a series of words separated by spaces with no punctuation. The first file contains emails that have been identified as spam, the second contains emails that have been identified as not spam. Since you haven’t learned File I/O yet, we’ve provided code that opens the two files and puts the data into two lists of strings (where each element is one line - that is, one email). You then must complete the function, so that it returns the spam score for the target word. The spam score is an integer representing the total number of times the target word occurs across all the spam emails, minus the total number of times the word occurs in not-spam emails. Convert all words to lowercase before counting, to ensure capitalization does not throw off the count.

paper at least 250-750 words. 1. Introduction 2. Thesis Statement 3. Supporting details 4. Conclusion The Digital Divide: The Challenge of Technology and Equity (1) Information technology is influence the way many of us live and work today. We use the internet to look and apply for jobs, shop, conduct research, make airline reservations, and explore areas of interest. We use Email and internet to communicate instantaneously with friends and business associates around the world. Computers are commonplace in homes and the workplace. (2) Although the number of internet users is growing exponentially each year, most of the worlds population does not have access to computers of the internet. Only 6 percent of the population in the developing countries are connected to telephones. Although more than 94 percent of U.S households have telephones, only 56 percent have personal computers at home and 50 percent have internet access. The lack of what most of us would consider a basic communication necessity the telephone does not occur just in developing nations. On some Native American reservations only 60 percent of the residents have a telephone. The move to wireless connectivity may eliminate the need for telephone lines, but it does not remove the barrier to equipment costs. (3) Who has internet access? The digital divide between the populations who have access to the internet and information technology tools and those who dont is based on income, race, education, household type, and geographic location, but the gap between groups is narrowing. Eighty-five percent of households with an income over $75,000 have internet access, compared with less than 20 percent of the households with income under $15,000. Over 80 percent of college graduates use the internet as compared with 40 percent of high school completers and 13 percent of high school dropouts. Seventy-two percent of household with two parents have internet access; 40 percent of female, single parent households do. Differences are also found among households and families from different racial and ethnic groups. Fifty-five percent of white households, 31 percent of black households, 32 percent of Latino households, 68 percent of Asian or Pacific Islander households, and 39 percent of American Indian, Eskimos, or Aleut households have access to the internet. The number of internet users who are children under nine years old and persons over fifty has more than triple since 1997. Households in inner cities are less likely to have computers and internet access than those in urban and rural areas, but the differences are no more than 6 percent. (4) Another problem that exacerbates these disparities is that African-American, Latinos, and Native Americans hold few of the jobs in information technology. Women about 20 percent of these jobs and receiving fewer than 30 percent of the Bachelors degrees in computer and information science. The result is that women and members of the most oppressed ethnic group are not eligible for the jobs with the highest salaries at graduation. Baccalaureate candidates with degree in computer science were offered the highest salaries of all new college graduates. (5) Do similar disparities exist in schools? Ninety-eight percent of schools in the country are wired with at least one internet connection. The number of classrooms with internet connection differs by the income level of students. Using the percentage of students who are eligible for free lunches at a school to determine income level, we see that the higher percentage of the schools with more affluent students have wired classrooms than those with high concentrations of low-income students. (6) Access to computers and the internet will be important in reducing disparities between groups. It will require higher equality across diverse groups whose members develop knowledge and skills in computer and information technologies. The field today is overrepresented by white males. If computers and the internet are to be used to promote equality, they have to become accessible to schools cannot currently afford the equipment which needs to be updated regularly every three years or so. However, access alone is not enough; Students will have to be interacting with the technology in authentic settings. As technology has become a tool for learning in almost all courses taken by students, it will be seen as a means to an end rather than an end in itself. If it is used in culturally relevant ways, all students can benefit from its power.

quid with a “sweet” smell. i. Using the ground state electron configuration and excited state electron configuration explain the hybridization of the central Carbon (C) atom. (7 Marks) ii. Identify the orbitals that overlap to form the C-Cl bond. Draw a diagram to show the orbital overlap. (3 Marks) iii. What is the bond angle of CCl4? (1 Mark) b) Consider a Fluorine atom (F) and a Fluorine anion (F-). Which of these two species would you expect to have a larger radius? Explain your answer. (5 Marks) c) Explain why the first ionization energy of Aluminum (Al) is less than that of Magnesium (Mg). (4 Marks) d) Assume the atom Oxygen(O) can form both cationic(O+) and anionic(O-) species. Place the following species in order of increasing first ionization energy, starting with the lowest. O+, O, O- (5 Marks) 4. a) Sea water contains roughly 28.0 g of NaCl per liter. (NaCl molar mass = 58.44 gmol-1). i. Calculate the number of moles of NaCl in a liter of sea water. (2 Marks) ii. Calculate the molarity of NaCl in sea water. (4 Marks) iii. Calculate the mass by volume percent (W/V) of NaCl in sea water. (4 Marks) Lowest first ionization energy ………………… ….. Intermediate ionization energy ………………… ….. Highest first ionization energy …………………

Rose By: Tomson Highway Should Only Native Actors Have the Right to Play Native Roles? Deep in my Cree heart of hearts, I had two-millennium projects on the go, though this only in hindsight. One was for the year 2000, the other for 2001, and thus just to make sure I had the right year for actually beginning this brand new, and incredibly exciting, millenium. Those two projects? For the year 2000, an English language production, in Toronto, of the third play in what I call my “Rez Septology,” a play called Rose. And for the year 2001, the Japanese-language premiere, in Tokyo, of the second play in the septology, a play called Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing. And this is how the two projects affected me and my life: When it dawned on me, one cloudy day, that my career as a playwright had been destroyed by political correctness, I just about died. I wanted to throw myself under a subway train and just call it a day. I was horrified! After all that work? After all those years of struggle and of hope and of prayer and of pain and of tears and of more struggle, against odds that were impossible to begin with? But how can it be? How can the voice of a playwright be silenced? By a method so brutally effective as political correctness? In a country supposedly as civilized as Canada? Questions like this, and others like them, resounded through my brain over and over and over again. As they do to this day. Permit me, therefore, to start off with the “backdrop” before I go into “the projects,” please: First of all, I don’t happen to have the good fortune of coming from a city such as Montreal or Vancouver or Toronto or Ottawa or New York or any other major city where educational (and employment) opportunities, right from age one, are virtually unlimited (believe me, you can be a movie star by age one in such cities!). And I don’t come from a city where English (or French) is the language of the day. I come, instead, from one of the tiniest, most remote, most inaccessible, most underprivileged and most troubled Indian reserves in the country, Brochet, Manitoba, population 700, one thousand five hundred kilometers directly north of Winnipeg (further than Churchill but on the opposite side of the province). I come from a place where the language spoken is Cree. AND Dene, incidentally; because we are located so far north, we spill over into the land of such sub-arctic peoples as the Dene (linguistically speaking) to the Navajo and other southwest Native nations. In fact, to fly from Toronto (my home until recently) to Brochet costs more than a ticket to Sydney, Australia or to Rio de Janeiro. To fly home to visit my family (which I do regular as clockwork), I could fly from Toronto to London, England and back - three times each way- for the same amount of money, easy. No jumping in a taxi or a car or on a bus or a train or a “seat sale” seat on a plane from Toronto to Vancouver for the likes of us, not to go have lunch with Mom, not to go to a funeral. Plane ticket prices for Canada’s northerners? Brutal. Brutal, brutal, brutal. And that’s just the distance barrier, never mind the linguistic. For Cree is as different from English as English is from Cantonese; not one shred of resemblance exists. In fact, the two languages are often completely at odds with each other. In one language, for instance, God is male, in the other, female. And that’s just the start… So along comes this little Indian boy from one such remote northern Native community and into the big, big city of Toronto and he dares to dream of a career in the theatre, or, at the very least, in the world of Canadian letters. Fat chance, baby! Forget it. He doesn’t listen. He goes ahead anyway. “No matter how they laugh, let them laugh. I can do it,” he says to himself. And he puts his shoulder to the grindstone, as they say in movies. People always say The Rez Sisters was my first play. That’s not true. It’s not true at all. It may have been my first play to be successful with the general public. But there were five plays that came before that, every one of them self-produced, with money from my very own pocket. And some of these plays were awful, some of them were good, at least two of them were very, very good. But only with The Rez Sisters did my work suddenly, finally get noticed by, as I say, a wider public. By which time, I was almost forty. And what I had to go through to get those first five plays self-produced, you don’t even wanna know! How do you make money standing with your back against the wall in some big city, downtown back alley? Late, late at night? Guess. When it came to that “first” play, however - and I speak here about The Rez Sisters, which, in fact, was my sixth - it was the fall of 1986. In those days, of course, you could count the number of professional Native actors in this country on the fingers on one hand alone. In my wildest dreams - keeping in mind that my work was totally unknown then - I dared to write this play for “them,” meaning for those four or five professional Native actors then in existence. The reason? I adored them. I just absolutely adored these people AND their work. They were my heroes. They kept my dreams alive. So it came to the casting of the show. Finally, my play was going to get done! I was so excited I could hardly sleep at night. So then I approached them, these Native actors, for you see, as always, I was the producer, again, or at least in this case, one of the two co-producers, god bless the other co-producer, may he rest in peace. These Native actors, however, all said “no.” They were all too busy working on other projects, many of them on Native subject matter written by - horrors! - white people! I pleaded with them and pleaded with them and pleaded with them but, still, they said “no.” God bless them and their courageous careers but they made me cry. They made me want to give up and die. So what choice did I have? Either I forget the play and kill myself. OR I go right ahead and hire - horrors! - white actors! Which is what I did, exactly. And these white actors, they were SO generous, they were so kind, so supportive, so confidence generating that, with their help as with that of those Native actors who did say “yes,” god bless them - I simply bloomed. The play opened. The play was successful. And it has never really stopped playing ever since, somewhere in the world, giving continued employment to many, many, many actors both Native and non-Native. As it will do probably forever - your grandchildren will be playing in The Rez Sisters! - something that would NEVER have happened if not for the help of extremely generous people who happened NOT to be Native, actors who happened to be white! Several years later, I experienced a similar situation. This time, it was with a play called Rose. Again I wrote it for Native actors - of which, by this time (1991), there were many more - actors whom I absolutely adored, whose work I absolutely adored. And again, for some strange reason, they said “no.” They were NOT interested. I couldn’t get them interested. If their objective was to make me cry, then they were certainly utterly successful. So then I waited ten years. Ten years! And by this time, I’m almost fifty years old, okay? Until some incredibly generous non-Native person comes along and offers to produce it, albeit, in a university setting, that is, a non-professional (i.e., non-paying) setting. I was thrilled. I was so thrilled I could have danced myself to shreds! So then they went to work on it, this group of “white kids,” none of whom was older than twenty-five. And they worked. And they worked and they worked and they worked and they worked. Never seen such a group of people work so hard. And with so much faith and so much conviction and so much love. It was a blessing from heaven to be sitting there beside them, to be in the same room as them. They glowed, they glowed like lightbulbs. You’ve never seen people so happy, so high. And by the time the show opened, you couldn’t get a ticket; it had been sold out way before opening; hundreds of people were turned away. On virtually no advertising; it all happened by word of mouth. And, to me -as to most people who saw it - the production was FANTASTIC! It was rich, it was beautiful, it was spectacular, it was moving, it was...miraculous! Not perfect, perhaps, but pretty gall-darned good. But these were the things about this experience that most struck me, that most stayed with me: Not one of these actors got paid; they were students; in fact, because they were students of the drama programme at the University of Toronto, they were paying for the experience through their tuition fees which, if I understand correctly, can be as much as $8,000 a year at that particular institution. Pardon me - ONE of those actors DID get paid, a little girl we needed who, of course (being little), came from outside the drama programme. And she, by the way - and god bless her - was the only performer in that production who was Native. But how many Native actors do YOU know who would be willing to pay $8,000 to be in a show? Any show? That question stunned me. All the other performers? Well, we had French-Canadians and Anglo-Canadians and Dutch-Canadians and Polish-Canadians and Ukrainian-Canadians and Jewish-Canadians and Peruvian-Canadians and Lebanese-Canadians and Portuguese-Canadians and god only knows what else! And none of them have even met a Native person, up until then. They pretty well all came from the city of Toronto, or somewhere very close by (such as Barrie, or Sudbury) so they had never, ever been privy to any even remotely “Native experience” in their lives. Now, for the first time, in their third year of university, at ages 21-25, here they were getting this heavy-duty immersion course in “Native Studies,” meaning Native culture, Native history, Native spirituality, Native language - they were learning to speak Cree for god’s sake, something you can’t get Cree kids to do these days! - Native art, Native music, and just generally, Native life in this country, today. And you know what? They all fell in love with it. Now, as the direct result of such an experience, what they have for Native culture and people and languages is endless respect, even awe. And love. And what’s more, they will pass on that knowledge and that love and respect - and wisdom - on to their children and their grandchildren and their great grandchildren, etc., etc., etc…. The experience changed their lives. And both communities - Native AND non-Native - will benefit from it, both in the long term AND permanently. The experience certainly changed MY life. It shocked me. The shock? That generosity and kindness and love know no racial boundaries. And that, contrariwise, UN generosity and lack of kindness and just plain cruelty ALSO know no racial boundaries. Coming out of Rose, I ended up with the immense gift of, minimum, 30 gorgeous, fantastically kind new friends, people whose friendship and generosity - and laughter - I will cherish right up until the day I die. And the icing on the cake? A show was born that otherwise would never have been born, that otherwise would have died forever. A show was born that will give useful, meaningful, enriching employment - and enjoyment - to many, many people for many, many years. Like, I say, the whole thing was a shock. And it took ten years! One more story before I close off on my point, the story, that is of my second “millennium project,” so-called. As it turns out, I’m writing this from Japan, specifically Tokyo, where the Japanese-language production of another play of mine, Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing, just opened. It was awesome. And, again, it wasn’t so much the production - which was absolutely stunning! Imagine, if you will, the Seven Samurai doing Dry Lips.. - that move me so much as the generosity of the cast and crew, Japanese every one of them. That generosity, that kindness, that largeness of heart, just astonished me. It made me cry. To be the beneficiary of kindness on that scale is a gift one could easily die for. As a result of just that one project, I now have a hundred friends, easy, in Japan. For the rest of my life! I LOVE Tokyo! And again, none of these people had ever met a Native person - well, two had, but…- much less knew anything about Native culture first hand. By the end of the six-week rehearsal process, however, some of them were speaking Cree AND some Ojibway. And let me tell you, to hear your own Native tongue being spoken with a Japanese accent is a bittersweet experience indeed. (I mean, come on, folks! To be unilingual in a language that’s not even your own? If the Japanese can learn Cree, YOU can learn Ojibway!) And, again, these people will pass their respect for Native people and culture on to their children, their grandchildren, their great great grandchildren etc., etc., etc…. The experience changed their lives. It changed mine. The one question I kept being asked over and over? How does it feel to have Japanese actors playing Native parts? (In the aforementioned Canadian production of The Rez Sisters, it was more like, “how dare these two white women STEAL Native parts from Native actors!” Well, good grief! The show would never have been born without them in the first place!) Anyway, my answer to the question in Japan was this: 1) These Japanese actors, they’re human beings, for god’s sake. What they are, first, foremost and last, is real-life, flesh-and-blood human beings with feelings, human beings who happen to be incredibly talented. And incredibly generous. If they hadn’t agreed to do it, it would never, EVER have happened. 2)To me, saying that only Native actors have the right to play Native roles - on stage, anyway, as opposed to film, which another thing entirely and not at all what I’m talking about here - well, that’s like saying only Italian actors have the right to play in Romeo and Juliet, or only Danish actors have the right to play in Hamlet, or only Spanish actors have the right to play in Blood Wedding. It would be like saying to someone like Canadian film-maker Atom Egoyan, “you have the right to work with Armenian actors only,” which, of course, would automatically bring his career to a standstill; it would destroy it, it would kill it, right there on the spot. Or as I asked, one sunny day, a respected, much admired Jewish theatre artist, “how would you like to work with no but Jews for the rest of your life?” You could almost see his hair stand on end; the very thought horrified him. My argument with someone else at that same summer gathering? “Theatre is about illusion, the better the magic, the more profound the experience.” Besides, working in a situation of cultural, ethnic and linguistic diversity can be the most empowering, most liberating, most exhilarating experience in anyone’s life. Working in a pressure cooker environment by comparison? Working in the context of a “ghetto” of any kind whatsoever, be that “ghetto” Native or black or French or English or Jewish or female or male or gay or…? Remember the expression, “familiarity breeds contempt”? Well, only too frequently, such a working environment can only mean THAT kind of disaster. Or one of plain, out-and-out hatred. And hatred, as who doesn’t know, kills and kills completely. It kills relationships, it kills communities, it kills love. Look at what the Argentinians did TO EACH OTHER during the so-called “dirty war” of the 1970s. Look at what the Spanish did TO EACH OTHER during the Spanish Civil War. Look at what the Chileans have done TO EACH OTHER. Look at the Irish in Northern Ireland. Look at the Balkans, at Cambodia in the ‘80s, at Haiti, at Rwanda, etc., etc., etc…. Does anybody out there actually want to live like that? Internally directed hatred, internally directed violence - which, in essence, is what civil war is - well, there is nothing more destructive, we all know that. Diversity! What we all need is diversity! What we all need, desperately, is room to breathe! That’s what makes Canada work as a society; precisely its diversity. If we - all of us - were Cree, I would have had my head macheted off a long, long time ago! All by way of saying the following: “Only Native actors have the right to play Native roles?” Music to Native actor’s ears, perhaps, yes, god bless them. But death to a Native playwright’s career. Because chances are that the show will NEVER, ever get done. No producer in the country has balls that size, balls big enough, that is to say, of going against the political grain. Not today. Not tomorrow. Stop it, you people! It’s killing us! Myself, I had to move out of the country, finally. I could no longer live there, not really. I kind of live, well...all over the world now. I do where I can find work. Because I certainly am NOT finding it in my own country. I go where I can find the kindness, I go where I can find the generosity, I go where I can find the friendship and support. The working situation in Canada, for someone like me? Well, it has simply become unworkable. I find it stultifying, asphyxiating. I CAN’T work under such artificial constraints. No one can. Sooner or later, it will drive you crazy. Not to mention kill your imagination. AND your career. All as you watch, with envious eyes, the careers of your non-Native playwright colleagues (whom you love) bloom like a garden everywhere around you… It seems to me that what we have here are two distinct choices: a) either we cast a show politically correctly (meaning only Native actors play Native parts) and the show never, ever gets produced (trust me; I waited ten years for Rose to happen, more for others which will NEVER get done), or b) cast it any way you want, in whatever way you can afford it budget-wise (plane tickets are a waste of money, trust me), let the show be born, let the show become successful, and THEN it will live on forever to employ many, many, many more actors, Native and otherwise, for many, many, many more years. And the upshot of the latter arrangement? Having Native and non-Native actors working side by side like that? There is no better healing agent for bringing two only-too-frequently disparate, disharmonious communities together. And, in the process, making our country an even better, richer, healthier country than it is already. The life of an artist is so incredibly challenging, after all, a Native artist’s most especially, in Canada today, or anywhere in the world. Everywhere you turn, insurmountable obstacles meet you square in the face. Everywhere you turn, events, or people, conspire to bring you down, to destroy you. What those artists need, and need most desperately, is as much breathing space as you can give them, the freedom to create, the freedom to employ, the freedom to fly with their souls and imaginations. Don’t hold them down. Don’t shoot them down. You will kill them. Or drive them away. They need all the help they can possibly acquire. They’ve already almost killed themselves just to get to where they are today. Someone said to me one day: “Artists are here to break down barriers, not to create them.” So, myself, I’ve moved away. I’ve left my own country, to continue helping to break down barriers in whatever way I still can, at my age, in the only way I know how, and to have a good time doing it. The thing is, I can do that. I can take it. I’ve had, as they say in the business, my “fifteen minutes of fame.” Enough already. I’ve been very, very lucky (not to mention being the beneficiary of extraordinary teachers, absolutely extraordinary parents and many dear, dear friends). And I’ve moved on, to other things. I have had, after all, no choice. The sad thing is this: what about the next generation of Native playwrights? Will they, too, one day find themselves standing on that subway platform - late, late at night, stoned, drunk out of their skulls, not a penny in their pockets, no future in sight - and those long, silvery tracks down below gleaming up at them in a manner most, most enticing?

. From the Harry S Truman Papers, Harry S Truman Library, Independence, Missouri. Henry Wallace, a former Vice President of the United States, was a critical observer of US policies during the start of the Cold War. He believed US actions were as much to blame as Soviet actions in the starting of the Cold War. “How do American actions since V-J Day appear to other nations? I mean by actions the concrete things like $13 billion for the War and Navy Departments, the Bikini tests of the atomic bomb and continued production of bombs, the plan to arm Latin America with our weapons, production of B-29s and planned production of B-36s, and the effort to secure air bases spread over half the globe from which the other half of the globe can be bombed. I cannot but feel that these actions must make it look to the rest of the world as if we were only paying lip service to peace at the conference table. These facts rather make it appear either (1) that we are preparing ourselves to win the war which we regard as inevitable or (2) that we are trying to build up a predominance of force to intimidate the rest of mankind. How would it look to us if Russia had the atomic bomb and we did not, if Russia had 10,000-mile bombers and air bases within a thousand miles of our coastlines, and we did not? Our basic distrust of the Russians, … stems from differences in political and economic organization…I am convinced that we can meet that challenge as we have in the past by demonstrating that economic abundance can be achieved without sacrificing personal, political and religious liberties. Our actions to expand our military security system-such steps as extending the Monroe Doctrine to include the arming of the Western Hemisphere nations, our present monopoly of the atomic bomb, our interest in outlying bases and our general support of the British Empire-appear to them as going far beyond the requirements of defense.” Henry A. Wallace, Letter Sent to President Truman, July 23, 1946 Primary Source Document Questions: 1) What is the main idea contained within this document? (4 marks) 2) What is going on in the country/world when this document was written? (3 marks) 3) Is this document a reliable source? Why or why not? (Is there bias?) (3 marks) 4) What are 2 facts that you have learned in class or on your own that you can connect to this document? (2 marks) 5) How does this primary source contribute to our understanding of the time frame and/or history? (3 marks)

expression in eukaryotic cells. Discuss mechanisms by which gene expression may be altered. How do these alterations induce cancer-causing mutations in cell DNA? Explain how cancer is formed. Describe genetic changes found in cancer cells and how these changes lead to alterations in cell behavior. Determine whether proteome data can be utilized in genetic disorder diagnosis. Relate the Human Genome Project data to the analysis of cancer genes. Relate the Human Genome Project's utility in pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine to diagnose and treat cancer

titrated with a 0.200 M solution of the base, LiOH. Write the balanced chemical reaction for neutralization reaction: HClO4 (aq) + LiOH (aq) → LiClO4 (aq) + H2O (l) Write the NET ionic equation for the neutralization reaction. OH⁻ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) → H2O (l) Compute the pH of the titration solution. Show your work i) before any of the base is added ii) after 25. mL of base is added iii) after 50. mL of base is added A student performs the titration with the same chemicals but with smaller volumes of each chemical . Which of the following titration curves could represent the titration. Explain A because this entails a strong acid and a strong base. Question 2 A student performs a titration of an unknown acid with a strong base and gets the following titration curve: a) The student consults the list of pKa of acids shown below. If the acid is listed in the table below, which is the most likely identity of the unknown acid? Explain. Acid Ka HF 7.2 x 10-4 CH3COOH 1.8 x 10-5 H2CO3 4.3 x 10-7 HBrO 2.0 x 10-9 The unknown acid is HBrO because the calculated Ka is in between 50^-4 and 50^-6 and 2.0 x 10^-9 lies in between them. b) What is the initial molarity of the acid? 10^-3 = 0.001M Question 3 a) Describe the components and the composition of an effective buffer solution. Explain how the components of the buffer allow the buffer to maintain its pH. An effective buffer solution has a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. A buffer solution is most effective when the ratio of its component concentrations is close to 1, also when the pH is equal to the pka of the acid.; The components of the buffer allow the buffer to maintain its pH because buffers can absorb excess H+ions or OH– ions. An employer is interviewing four applicants for a job as a laboratory technician and asks each how to prepare a buffer solution with a pH of 5.0. The following constants may be helpful: hydrazoic acid, pKa = 4.74 Boric acid, pKa = 9.23 Archita A. says she would mix equal molar solutions of hydrazoic (HN3) and sodium azide (NaN3) solutions. Bradley B. says she would mix equimolar Boric acid (H3BO3) and HCl solutions. Carlos C. says he would mix equimolar Boric Acid (H3BO3) and sodium dihydrogen borate (NaH2BO3) solutions. Delia D. says he would mix equimolar hydrazoic Acid (HN3) and NaOH solutions. b) Which of these applicants has given an appropriate procedure? Explain your answer Delia because she is using Sodium hydroxide which results in a pH of 5. NaOH is a strong base and in order to have an effective buffer a weak acid must be incorporated which is the HN3. c) Explain what is wrong with the erroneous procedures. The rest all incorporate a strong acid and a strong base or a weak acid and a weak base which don’ result in an effective buffer. d) The applicants have access to the 1 Liter volumes of each of the solutions listed above. They have access to graduated cylinders. In order to make 1.0 Liter of the correct 5.0 buffer solution, what volumes of the two chemicals must be mixed?

t or add. I'll attach the questions, my rubric, as well as my answers I made. It would really help me out please. The questions: 1.) Choose two somatosensory receptors. Please include a description of each receptor, what they sense, and which part of the brain processes the information from the receptor. 2.) Provide a discussion of the thyroid gland. Include the following: Description of the thyroid gland's structure and location. Description of the cells of the thyroid gland. Description of the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland and their functions. Description of how thyroid hormones are controlled by hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland. Description of how the feedback system works in the cases of high or low thyroid hormone levels. 3. Describe the cardiac cycle. Include descriptions of the 3 phases, the pressure changes in each of the heart's chambers, valves are open and closed, and blood flows during each step. My answer: 1.) Exteroceptor - receives external stimuli from outside of the body. An example, the skin (Thermoreceptors) detects the temperature of the outside area of the body. Interceptor - receives stimuli from inside of the body. An example would be blood pressure as well as blood oxygen levels. 2.) Thyroid Gland is located near the front lower part of the neck, beneath Adam's apple. Its structure includes Thyroid Epithelial that form follicles filled with colloid - a protein-rich reservoir of the materials needed for thyroid hormone production. The cells are responsible for releasing hormones that control metabolism (Energy levels). The thyroid gland releases triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). These hormones regulate weight, energy levels, internal temperature, skin, and growth. When the hypothalamus and pituitary function well, they can detect when hormone levels are low, which causes them to produce more TRH and TSH, which stimulates the thyroid to produce hormones. When the hormone levels exceed their limit, they then have less TRH and TSH, which results in reduced hormone production by the thyroid. Feedback is when a product feeds back into its initial cycle. The Feedback includes both positive and negative feedback. Positive Feedback is when a product provides back to increase production: an example, milk production by a mother for her baby. As the baby suckles, nerve messages from the nipple cause the pituitary gland to secrete prolactin. Prolactin, in turn, stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk, so the baby suckles more. Which causes more prolactin to be secreted and more milk to is made. Negative Feedback is when a product feeds back decreases production; it brings down show if they increase past their limit. It also controls insulin secretion by the pancreas. 3.) The Cardiac Cycle takes place from the beginning of a heartbeat to the next. It contains two periods: One is when the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a time when it begins contraction and pumping of blood, systole. Once emptied, the heart then relaxes and expands to receive another inrush of blood coming back from the lungs and other areas of the body. The atrioventricular valves remain open while the semilunar valves are closed. During the middle part of the diastole, a small amount of blood flows into the ventricles. The blood flows from the veins and passes the atria fills the ventricles. The pressure in both ventricles is close to zero as a result.

a one million square foot warehouse that they have recently developed. In typical Wal-Mart fashion, they have given you a “take it, or leave it” final offer. The terms are: Purchase Price: $165 million Facility Size 1,000,000 SF Lease Term 7 years Rent $7 PSF NNN Operating Expenses Wal-Mart (tenant) pays all operating expenses, utilities, and property taxes (owner pays none) Renewal Options 7-year extension at $8 per ft2; a second 7 year extension at $9.50 per ft 2; a third 7 year extension at $11.50 per ft.2. All at Wal-Mart’s choice (i.e. it’s Wal-Mart’s option). Wal-Mart pays all operating expenses, utilities, property taxes, and capital expenditures undertaken during all lease renewal periods. You know the market and feel that the location is good, and that the warehouse market is in good supply/demand balance. Vacancy rates are 4% - 5% in quality facilities, while net rents in the market are running about $7.50 - $8 PSF (i.e. a slight premium to the Wal-Mart lease). You have recently seen comparable sales that have traded in the range of $160 - $200 PSF. You also know that implied discount rates are currently at about a 3% premium to implied cap rates and capital costs are running at $0.50 PSF per annum. You know from your Real Estate Finance & Investments classes that you can value a building using a direct capitalization approach, a comps analysis and a DCF analysis. You also have a handy template that you’ve been using for these analyses which you will need to complete in order to come to a view on value. It’s decision time…would you agree to pay the $165 million that Wal-Mart is asking? Why or why not?

two objects and recorded whether or not the dog being tested correctly chose the object indicated. A four-year-old male beagle named Augie participated in this study. He chose the correct object 42 out of 70 times when the experimenter leaned towards the correct object. (a) (2 points) Let the parameter of interest, π, represent the probability that the long-run probability that Augie chooses correctly. Researches are interested to see if Augie understands human body cues (better than gussing). Fill in the blanks for the null and alternative hypotheses. H0 : Ha : (b) (6 points) Based on the above context, conduct a test of significance to determine the p-value to investigate if domestic dogs understand human body cues. What conclusion will you draw with significance level of 10%? (If you use an applet, please specify which applet you use, and the inputs.) (c) (5 points) Based on the above context, conduct a test of significance to determine the p-value to investigate if domestic dogs understand human body cues. What conclusion will you draw with significance level of 5%? (If you use an applet, please specify which applet you use, and the inputs.) (d) (2 points) Are your conclusions from part (b) and (c) the same? If they are different, please provide an explanation. (e) (5 points) Shown below is a dotplot from a simulation of 100 sample proportions under the assump- tion that the long-run probability that Augie chooses correct is 0.50. Based on this dotplot, would a 90% confidence interval for π contain the value 0.5? Explain your answer. (f) (4 points) Compute the standard error of the sample proportion of times that Augie chose the object correctly. 1 (g) (5 points) (h) (3 points) question? (i) (4 points) (j) (4 points) A. B. C. Construct an approximate 95% confidence interval for π using the 2SD method. What is the margin of error of the confidence interval that you found in the previous How would you interpret the confidence interval that you found in part (g)? Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the 95% confidence level? If Augie repeats this process many times, then about 95% of the intervals produced will capture the true proportion of times of choosing the correct objective. About 95% times Augie chooses the correct objective. If Augie repeats this process and constructs 20 intervals from separate independent sam- ples, we can expect about 19 of those intervals to contain the true proportion Augie chooses the correct objective. (k) (4 points) object 21 out of 35 times. Conjecture how, if at all, the center and the width of a 99% confidence interval would change with these data, compared to the original 2SD 95% confidence interval. The center of the confidence interval would . The width of the confidence interval would . (l) (4 points) Suppose that we repeated the same study with Augie, and this time he chose the correct object 17 out of 35 times, and we also change the confidence level from 95% to 99%. Conjecture how, if at all, the center and the width of a 99% confidence interval would change with these data, compared to the original 2SD 95% confidence interval. Suppose that we repeated the same study with Augie, and this time he chose the correct The center of the confidence interval would The width of the confidence interval would . .

ies examined in class. This paper is not a literature review, though a literature review is part of your work. As this course takes place in a compressed timeline, I provided some suggestions for research topics. Feel free to use one of these as a springboard or propose your own. At the end of the second week of class, students submit a three-page research paper prospectus. A research prospectus is a preliminary plan for conducting a study. This is not a detailed and technical research proposal, but rather, an analysis of the issues likely confronted in such a study. In essence, it is a preliminary proposal of work. Research Paper Prospectus Elements To complete the Research Paper Prospectus, consider the following elements. While the prospectus is limited to three pages of body content, remember, students must cover each of these areas as relevant to the plan for research: Research Problem. What is the research problem? A problem is a situation when left untreated, produces a negative consequence for a group, an institution, or a(n) individual(s). What makes it a problem? For whom? Who says so? Assumptions. On what assumptions is the work based? Which assumptions are verifiable in literature? Which assumptions are speculative? Theoretical Issues. What theoretical issues arise from the study? For example, "theoretically," how is the problem and suspected results explained to other scholars? Is there a behavior view? A social systems view? Are there other theoretical orientations to consider in the study's design? Literature Review. What, in general, does the literature say about the topic? While more development is expected for the final paper, a review of major theories, research, and writers in the field is needed. Research Questions. Based on the problem, what are the research questions to be answered? How and why will answering the questions contribute to solving the research problem? Remember....a research question can only be answered with empirical data or information. General Research Plan. In general, what research is necessary to answer the research question. What kind of data is needed? Specify the type, such as surveys, observations, or interviews. Who is to be studied and why? How is the data reduced and made sense of? How is the quality of the data assured? Anticipated Difficulties and Pitfalls. What kind of difficulties and pitfalls are expected in a study of this nature? What can be done to prevent them or minimize their effects? Anticipated Benefits. Who will benefit from the fact this research is undertaken? How? Why? Who might be disturbed by this proposed study? How? Why? Paper Format Requirements The Research Paper Prospectus is presented in standard APA 7 format, with a cover page, running head, body, and references list. The cover page and references do not count toward the three-page requirement. The body uses headers and in-text citations in the manner prescribed by APA. Students should include any references they know at the time they submit the prospectus, though it is expected the references may change or increase in number. Full and complete adherence to APA is required. APA Basics As APA format is the rule, remember the formatting rules shown on the Sample Paper (Links to an external site.): Times New Roman, 12pt 1" margins on all sides Double spaced, with extra line spaces removed (see below) Page numbers in the upper right Two spaces after concluding punctuation 150-250 word abstract with keywords APA-style in-text citations and quote format. Use the Purdue OWL in-text citation information (Links to an external site.)to help you. Alphabetical (by author) reference page with correct reference format. DO NOT trust the reference generator in your word processing program. It is WRONG! Use the Purdue OWL references information (Links to an external site.)to correctly structure references and do so manually.

audience. This assignment will focus on how criteria can change and how you need to tailor your essay to these changing audiences. In good times, people may want homes with soaring entryways, lots of space and premium appliances. In tougher times, they may care more about efficient use of space, quality insulation, and energy efficient appliances. When gas prices are low, people love to buy SUVs and trucks, but when gas prices get higher, they prefer hybrid cars with good fuel efficiency. Think of two scenarios, much like the ones above, where different audiences or different times create different criteria for evaluation. For example, what impact might global warming have on the way we determine desirable places to live or vacation? How might a changing economy change the way we view successful careers? If people across the globe continue to put on weight, how might standards of beauty change? Si i have this assignment for English I just don't understand it here is the assignment: Explore two scenarios in which change might revise customary values and standards for evaluation. Each scenario should be a paragraph of at least 100 words in length.

Not you? Switch account * Required Write your FIRST name: * Write your LAST name: * 1. Which best describes the difference between single cell and multicellular organisms? * 1 point a. Single-cell organisms can perform all processes in one cell, but multicellular organisms need many cells to do specialized functions together. b. Single-cell organisms need one cell to function, but multicellular organisms need lots of cells who all have the same job. c. Single-cell organisms need many cells to do specialized functions together, but multicellular organisms can perform all processes in one cell. d. Single-cell organisms need multiple cells with similar structures, but multicellular organisms need only one cell. 2. How does your brain move your arm? * 1 point a. The brain sends a message to your bones to move your arm b. The brain sends a message to your nerves to move your arm c. The lungs send a message to your muscles d. The muscles send a message to your brain 3. Which correctly explains the difference between the respiratory and circulatory system? * 1 point a. The respiratory system includes your lungs and the circulatory system includes your heart b. The respiratory system takes in oxygen and the circulatory system breaks down food c. The respiratory system takes in water and carbon dioxide, but the circulatory system does not d. The respiratory system includes the brain and the circulatory system includes to lungs 4. Which of the following is a learned behavior? * 1 point a. Dimples when you smile b. Ability to sing c. Freckles d. Hair color 5. These are all examples of: * 1 point Captionless Image a. Evaporation b. Radiation c. Transpiration d. Percipitation 6. Which of these does NOT make a new material? * 1 point a. Burning a wooden log b. Iron nail rusitng c. Ice melting d. Mysterious color change Explain why: * This is a required question 7. What would you want to put your drink it to keep it cold? * 1 point Metal (good conductor) Plastic (bad conductor) Explain why: * 8. How does the sun play a role in the water cycle? * 1 point a. Heats water and turns it into water vapor gas b. Cools gas to make water droplets and clouds c. Creates strong winds d. Causing it to rain 9. What will happen when a metal chair is left outside in the hot sun? * 1 point a. Increase in weight b. Decrease in weight c. Increase in size d. Decrease in size 10. What would the weight of the lemonade be if the water is 3.0 grams, the ice is 2.5 grams, and the mixture is 0.25 grams? * 1 point a. 5.75 g b. 5 g c. 6.25 g d. 10.1 g

consulting basis by Loving Organic Foods. In order to get a better idea of what might have motivated customers’ buying habits you are asked to analyze the ages of the customers who have purchased organic foods over the past 3 months. Past research done by the Diligent Consulting Group has shown that different age groups buy certain products for different reasons. Loving Organic Foods has sent a survey to 200 customers who have previously purchased organic foods, and 124 customers have responded. The survey includes age data of past customers who purchased organic foods in the previous quarter. Case Assignment Using Excel, create a frequency distribution (histogram) of the age data that was captured from the survey. You should consider the width of the age categories (e.g., 5 years, 10 years, or other). That is, which age category grouping provides the most useful information? Once you have created this histogram, determine the mean, median, and mode. After you have reviewed the data, write a report to your boss that briefly describes the results that you obtained. Make a recommendation on how this data might be used for marketing purposes. Be sure to conduct adequate research on organic foods industry, organic market analysis, and healthy food industry using IBISWorld database or other databases such as Business Source Complete (EBSCO) and Business Source Complete - Business Searching Interface in our online library. Provide a brief description on the industry background and the consumer changing attitudes and behavior toward healthy lifestyles. Also identify the customer demographics of organic food industry and explain how the customers of Loving Organic Foods are different from this target market. Data: Download the Excel-based data file with the age data of the 124 customers: Data chart for BUS520 Module 1 Case. Use these data in Excel to create your histogram. Assignment Expectations Excel Analysis Complete analysis in Excel using the Histogram function. Please watch the following video which covers how to create a histogram in Excel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GL91GrVf3EY If you are not so familiar with Excel, refer to the following link on Excel training videos: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/Excel-training-9bc05390-e94c-46af-a5b3-d7c22f6990bb?ui=en-US&rs=en-US&ad=US Check the professional market research reports from the IBISWorld database to conduct the industry analysis. IBISWorld can be accessed in the Trident Online Library. IBISWorld Overview (n.d.). IBISWorld, Inc., New York, NY. IBISWorld Forecast (n.d.). IBISWorld, Inc., New York, NY. IBISWorld Data and Sources (n.d.). IBISWorld, Inc., New York, NY. IBISWorld Navigation Tips (n.d.). IBISWorld, Inc., New York, NY. Written Report Length requirements: 4–5 pages minimum (not including Cover and Reference pages). NOTE: You must submit 4–5 pages of written discussion and analysis. This means that you should avoid use of tables and charts as “space fillers.” Provide a brief introduction to/background of the problem. Provide a brief description of organic food industry and target market characteristics such as their demographics, lifestyles and shopping behaviors. Provide a written analysis that supports your Histogram age groups (bins). Based on your analysis of the histogram data, provide complete and meaningful recommendations as the data relates to Loving Organic Foods’s marketing strategy. Write clearly, simply, and logically. Use double-spaced, black Verdana or Times Roman font in 12 pt. type size. Have an introduction at the beginning to introduce the topics and use keywords as headings to organize the report. Avoid redundancy and general statements such as "All organizations exist to make a profit." Make every sentence count. Paraphrase the facts using your own words and ideas, employing quotes sparingly. Quotes, if absolutely necessary, should rarely exceed five words. Upload both your written report and Excel file to the case 1 Dropbox.

chases frozen turkeys at a constant wholesale price of $1/turkey, which is its full marginal cost for supplying turkeys. During July, only a small number of wealthy people are interested in buying turkeys in Pilgrim. Their demand curve is P = 10 – .02 Q, where P is Wegboys’ retail price for turkeys during the month and Q is the quantity of turkeys purchased. The demand curve for these wealthy people is constant – it is the same curve in both November and July. During November, a large number of less wealthy people enter the market to purchase turkeys for Thanksgiving. Their demand curve for Wegboys’ turkeys is P = 4 – .0005Q. In other months of the year, they do not purchase turkeys at any price. a. (5 points) What price should Wegboys charge in July to maximize its profits? Calculate its profits from turkey sales. b. (5 points) Demonstrate that Wegboys can earn a higher profit if it lowers its retail price for turkeys during November (you can do this without finding the optimal price). Explain the basic economic intuition.

tarting the process of meiosis. Draw the chromosomes, depicting them inside the cell, as you would expect them to appear during Metaphase I. (Note: there is more than one correct answer for this prompt. You only need to draw one of the answers.) 2.How many copies of gene A are present in this parent cell during Metaphase I? 3.How many total chromosomes would you have after DNA replication (synthesis)? 4.While examining a specific tissue in this organism, Bridget noticed some cells with more than one nucleus (this is commonly found in many species, including humans!). What could have happened during the process of cell division to yield these multinucleate cells? 5.In one of her harebrained experiments, Dr. Milam remembers treating some cells from one of her organisms with a drug that resulted in the cell being unable to replace RNA primers with DNA. Which protein in the cells was most likely affected by this drug treatment? 6.In another one of her experiments, Dr. Milam treated cells with a different drug that caused an adenosine in gene A to be paired with a cytosine instead of a thymine during DNA replication. However, Dr. Milam remembers that the amino acid sequence of the protein product of gene A wasn’t actually changed. How could you explain this observation?

on a subsample of weekly data from Randall’s Supermarket, one of the biggest in the UK. Randall’s marketing management team wishes to identify trends and patterns in a sample of weekly data collected for a number of their loyalty cardholders during a 26-week period. The data includes information on the customers’ gender, age, shopping frequency per week and shopping basket price. Randall’s operates two different types of stores (convenient stores and superstores) but they also sell to customers via an online shopping platform. The collected data are from all three different types of stores. Finally, the data provides information on the consistency of the customer’s shopping basket regarding the type of products purchased. These can vary from value products, to brand as well as the supermarket’s own high-quality product series Randall’s Top. As a business analyst you are required to analyse those data, make any necessary modifications in order to determine whether for any single customer it is possible to predict the value of their shopping basket. Randall’s marketing management team is only interested in identifying whether the spending of the potential customer will fall in one of three possible groups including: • Low spender (shopping basket value of £25 or less) • Medium Spender (shopping basket value between £25.01 and £70) and • High spenders (shopping basket greater than £70) For the purpose of your analysis you are provided with the data set Randall’s.xls. You have to decide, which method is appropriate to apply for the problem under consideration and undertake the necessary analysis. Once you have completed this analysis, write a report for the Randall’s marketing management team summarising your findings but also describing all necessary steps undertaken in the analysis. The manager is a competent business analyst himself/herself so the report can include technical terms, although you should not exceed five pages. Screenshots and supporting materials can be included in the appendix. Requirements After completing your analysis, you should submit a report that consists of two parts. Part A being a non-technical summary of your findings and Part B a detailed report of the analysis undertaken with more details. Part A: A short report for the Head of Randall’s Marketing Management (20 per cent). This should briefly explain the aim of the project, a clear summary and justification of the methods considered as well as an overview of the results. Although, the Head of Randall’s Marketing Management team who will receive this summary is a competent business analytics practitioner, the majority of the other team members have little knowledge of statistical modelling and want to know nothing about the technical and statistical underpinning of the techniques used in this analysis. This report should be no more than two sides of A4 including graphs, tables, etc. In this report you should include all the objectives of this analysis, summary of data and results as well as your recommendations (if any). Part B: A technical report on the various stages of the analysis (80 per cent). The analysis should be carried out using the range of analytics tools discussed: • SPSS Statistics Ensure that the exercise references: • Binary and multinomial logistic regression • Linear vs Logistic regression • Logit Model with odds Ratio • Co-efficients and Chi Squared • MLR co-efficients • Assessing usefulness of MLR model • Interpreting a model • Assessing over-all model fit with Psuedo R-Squared measures • Classification accuracy (Hit Ratio) • Wald Statistic • Odd ratio exp(B) • Ratio of the probability of an event happening vs not happening • Ratio of the odds after a unit change in the predictor to the original odds • Assumptions • Residuals analysis • Cook’s distance • DfBeta • Adequacy (with variance inflation factor VIF and tolerance statistic) • Outliers and influential points cannot just be removed. We need to check them (typo? – unusual data?) • Check for multicollinearity • Parsimony Write a short and concise report to explain the technical detail of what you have done for each step of the analysis. The report should also cover the following information: • Any type of analysis that might be useful and check whether the main assumptions behind the analyses do not hold or cannot be • Give evidence of the understanding of the statistical tools that you are using. For example, comment on the model selection procedure and the coefficient interpretation, e.g. comment on the interpretation of the logistic regression coefficients if such a method is used and provide an example of • Conclusions and explanation, in non-technical terms, of the main points

ead it and find any grammar or other mistakes? Can you also tell please that if this essay fits the criteria for being an argumentative essay and if it is a good argumentative essay? It is a 350 word essay and I can't cross the limit more. Every relationship has its own importance. Marriage is a relationship, based on love or compromise, in which male and female interact and spend their life together. According to research, love and arranged marriage go hand-in-hand. Both are on the average scale because marriage has simply become part of business; however in modern era, the ratio of love marriage is increasing. Love marriages are considered superior because of understanding that both persons have for each other before marrying. In love marriage, couples have mutual understanding. Despite facing numerous problems such as convincing parents to accept their choices and warding off false accusations and comments; however, these challenges guide them to happy life. In arranged marriages, both partners are unknown to each other and start their lives according to their parents' guidance. These couples don't make their own choices, but accept their parent’s demands. This leads to apathy for needs and feelings of their partner, which leads to weak bond between them. In love marriages, couples always demonstrate respect to their partner's family members. They make many compromises to not hurt their partners; however, they still are able to speak frankly and openly. In arranged marriages, partners tend to speak with hesitation and tend to consider their own needs before those of their partner or partner's family. In married life, couples should know what their partner prefer. This can only happen if the couple knows each other well before marrying. In arranged marriages, partners feel hesitation to share their feelings, likes, and dislikes; however, in love marriage partners already have an understanding of their partner's needs and just need to respect them and create a bond with their partner's family members. They care for each other's feelings and respect their boundaries. In conclusion, arranged marriages are guided by parents whereas love marriages allow a couple the freedom to assess the future complexities that may arise in their lives. Love marriages contain mutual understanding that allows couples to solve their issues practically rather than emotionally. In a successful relationship, considering other person's feelings is a priority, which is commonly found in love marriages.

eo of Trump's hair,Relaxed and with hair blowing in the breeze, more looks like in the Pantene ad than in the viral video of Trump's hair, I pedaled over bumpy, dusty dirt paths around my 'dacha', the rural cottage, where like the most of Soviet children were spending the entire summer. The bike wasn't mine. I have never had one. My family couldn't afford it. I borrowed it from my older neighbor. She was at that age when girls are starting to think more about a look and an outfit, rather than enjoying the thrill of a bicycle ride. But her bike wasn't available all the time, so I had to be persuasive to get a vehicle from someone else or to be an outsider-pedestrian. Recently, I was thinking, what if we would have this ‘sharing-mobility back then (to my childhood time). But I was growing up before technology was everywhere and the internet was a thing. In those days, hand brakes and gears were unseen. Riders never wore helmets or special clothing and there were no bicycle lanes marked on streets. We couldn't buy a kick-scooter in a store, so we handmade it from wooden crates from landfills. Bicycles were prized possessions in the neighborhood. Much has changed in the 30 years since on both sides of the ocean. Back in the 2010s, I worked as a project manager of the Russian Innovation Convention in Moscow, со-organized by Skolkovo’s Technopark and took place at the Skolkovo Innovation Center, Russia's version of Silicon Valley. Working at the conventions of 2010 - 2012, I managed guests lists of 10+ thousand participants, young innovators, and entrepreneurs, looking for self-fulfillment in science and high-tech economy. I also worked closely with government officials and high profile speakers from the sphere of innovation. From 2010 to 2012 there were many renowned guests at the Convention, such as Richard Branson(Virgin); Bill Tai (KiteVC), Steve Wozniak (Apple), Harzh Taggar (“Y Combinator”) and so on. For me it was a unique opportunity to see both sides of the coin - get experience, and useful contacts to launch my venture somewhere in the future. The Skolkovo "innovation town" outside Moscow, backed by technology-adherent Russian President Dmitry Medvedev as part of his modernization drive, was supposed to become the country's most ecologically friendly town, with cycle tracks, solar panels, and windmills. These ideas have appeared as a result of encouraging / inspirational visit of Mr. Medvedev and other Russian officials to the original Silicon Valley in California in 2010. I remember when I first visitied Googleplex - Google's campus, it was unbelievable that the bikes come in all shapes and sizes, and are available to pretty much anyone to take just about wherever they please. It was truly brilliant! Google has a large campus that is spread across many miles and buildings. To get from one place to another would be a hassle without the bikes. Over the past decade, corporate bike fleets have become commonplace on Silicon Valley campuses - Apple, Facebook, and others have campus bikes. Dockless and docked bikes have already occupied big cities. Almost 10 years later, Russia's version of Silicon Valley still doesn’t have anything similar. E-bikes are good, but E-scooters might be the new thing. Having ties with my former colleagues at Skolkovo, we are negotiating that the technopark will launch BRiZ e-scooters sharing in 2020. The system should help Skolkovo employees move faster across a fairly large area of ​​the center. BRIZ is a smart dock-less mobility platform, which offers dock-free electric scooter rentals to fulfill short distance, urban and other trips. I am the co-founder and CEO of BRiZ Mobility. But, let's start from the very beginning. I pedaled over bumpy, dusty dirt paths around my 'dacha', the rural cottage, where like the most of Soviet children were spending the entire summer. The bike wasn't mine. I have never had one. My family couldn't afford it. I borrowed it from my older neighbor. She was at that age when girls are starting to think more about a look and an outfit, rather than enjoying the thrill of a bicycle ride. But her bike wasn't available all the time, so I had to be persuasive to get a vehicle from someone else or to be an outsider-pedestrian. Recently, I was thinking, what if we would have this ‘sharing-mobility back then (to my childhood time). But I was growing up before technology was everywhere and the internet was a thing. In those days, hand brakes and gears were unseen. Riders never wore helmets or special clothing and there were no bicycle lanes marked on streets. We couldn't buy a kick-scooter in a store, so we handmade it from wooden crates from landfills. Bicycles were prized possessions in the neighborhood. Much has changed in the 30 years since on both sides of the ocean. Back in the 2010s, I worked as a project manager of the Russian Innovation Convention in Moscow, со-organized by Skolkovo’s Technopark and took place at the Skolkovo Innovation Center, Russia's version of Silicon Valley. Working at the conventions of 2010 - 2012, I managed guests lists of 10+ thousand participants, young innovators, and entrepreneurs, looking for self-fulfillment in science and high-tech economy. I also worked closely with government officials and high profile speakers from the sphere of innovation. From 2010 to 2012 there were many renowned guests at the Convention, such as Richard Branson(Virgin); Bill Tai (KiteVC), Steve Wozniak (Apple), Harzh Taggar (“Y Combinator”) and so on. For me it was a unique opportunity to see both sides of the coin - get experience, and useful contacts to launch my venture somewhere in the future. The Skolkovo "innovation town" outside Moscow, backed by technology-adherent Russian President Dmitry Medvedev as part of his modernization drive, was supposed to become the country's most ecologically friendly town, with cycle tracks, solar panels, and windmills. These ideas have appeared as a result of encouraging / inspirational visit of Mr. Medvedev and other Russian officials to the original Silicon Valley in California in 2010. I remember when I first visitied Googleplex - Google's campus, it was unbelievable that the bikes come in all shapes and sizes, and are available to pretty much anyone to take just about wherever they please. It was truly brilliant! Google has a large campus that is spread across many miles and buildings. To get from one place to another would be a hassle without the bikes. Over the past decade, corporate bike fleets have become commonplace on Silicon Valley campuses - Apple, Facebook, and others have campus bikes. Dockless and docked bikes have already occupied big cities. Almost 10 years later, Russia's version of Silicon Valley still doesn’t have anything similar. E-bikes are good, but E-scooters might be the new thing. Having ties with my former colleagues at Skolkovo, we are negotiating that the technopark will launch BRiZ e-scooters sharing in 2020. The system should help Skolkovo employees move faster across a fairly large area of ​​the center. BRIZ is a smart dock-less mobility platform, which offers dock-free electric scooter rentals to fulfill short distance, urban and other trips. I am the co-founder and CEO of BRiZ Mobility. But, let's start from the very beginning. I am a politician, public servant and started my career as a grassroots organizer in 2006. In the decade since, I have taken part in several political movements, coordinated numerous political events, organized a political party, run for office, and held leadership positions in the federal government. Since I became involved in public service, I’ve been always advocating for government transparency. The information era and its accompanying tech boom expanded my toolkit. From 2013 to 2016, I coordinated grant competitions for youth all over Russia at the Ministry of Education and its subdivision Federal Agency of Youth Affairs. Two of the biggest challenges facing my team were securely collecting and storing personal data of the participants (33 million youth people in Russia) and implementing a transparent, fair process for selecting grant winners and distributing funds to them. Our solution, the Automatic Information System (AIS) "Youth of Russia," was implemented in 2014, and since then this system is operating. This experience was valuable in terms of managing developers' team, develop a user-friendly big data platform, as well as pushing the slow bureaucratic structures on digital reforms. I completed my Master's degree in 2015 and started my PhD, doing my Masters's degree in Public Administration and a Ph.D. in economics simultaneously. I was then recruited by Moscow Government to work on the preparation of Moscow as one of the Host Cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. However, sometime later, my application was accepted by three Ivy League universities and I moved to New York to study at Columbia University, School of international and public affairs in 2017. The past year at Columbia University has shifted my academic and professional passions towards the Sustainable Development Goals, among them Sustainable cities and communities (including transportation), 'Gender Equality, and its influence on a broad range of fields. At SIPA, I chose Management & Innovation Concentration. Because my background wasn't in tech, I knew I needed to fill some skill gap areas. So I took the opportunity to load up on courses that focus on innovations, sustainability, and urban policy. One of the extremely useful classes was 'Strategic Management of Information & Communications Technologies for the Public Good with Prof. Robert Z Tumin, where we have been examining different policy and managerial cases, and use of established and leading-edge information and communication technologies, among them in transportation (Uber Case). Another one was 'Implementation of Sustainability Strategies' with Prof. Todd Cort. One of the final research project at that class was related to the environmental impact of transport in Europe and the analysis of the combination of bikes and trains that can provide an alternative to less sustainable modes, such as private motor vehicles. In the Fall of 2018, my final portfolio project at SIPA had transformed into my startup business plan, investor pitch deck, and profound research on the market opportunity and competition. My team and I launched the company in February 2019. In the past 9 months following up on the launch of BRiZ, I have been working on a series of tasks to get the business off the ground. So that included everything from submitting our incorporation documents, raising capital, negotiating with suppliers, implementing operations, and developing partnerships to get the business fully up and running. Now that we have launched, my job is continuing to fundraise, work towards our expansion goals, work with governments and oversee the day-to-day operations. Having a public policy background, I also the one who will manage the implementation of technology that will help the company to work smoothly with regulators. BRiZ’s engineers work on imposing parking restrictions so that scooters can’t be parked in spaces rejected by a city; imposing speed limits on scooters within certain parts of a city, and lock scooters that violate those rules. Besides controlling how its scooters work, BRiZ can share its data with city officials to help cities understand traffic patterns and find the best settings for these green transportation solutions. If we have a good relationship with the city, we’ll be able to find the sensible ground where we’re truly improving transportation. According to my research, made before launching BRiZ, most of the electric kick scooters in the scooter-sharing market were designed with serious downsides, such as short lifespan, loads of unnecessary functions, lacking must-have safety features, etc. So, we recreated something that everyone already knows and creates a functional and smart prototype - more efficient - two times longer lifespan (12 months) and is, therefore, two times more profitable than potential competitors. We are going to start with launching a pilot sharing platforms at the beginning of 2020, in major cities around New York; and in Spring 2020 in several major Russian cities and Skolkovo ‘innovation town’. Now, we are meeting different strategic partners and take negotiations with municipalities. eScooters have flooded the streets of world cities. Cities are relatively down for this new era of transportation. Fans of micro-mobility praise its ability to provide efficient and eco-friendly rides. Opponents have questioned the safety and sustainability of micro-mobility. In media micro sharing mobility as part of the trend of the sharing economy can be described as the future durable trend so as a new version of communism. As a millennial leader thinking about trends transforming the global landscape, I would like to utilize my skills, experience, and expertise in issues relating to the interface between sustainable urban development and transport technologies. I am confident that I would bring a strong foundation in understanding the current and future trends. In my objectives to create the multi-functional platform / system to make our urban logistics safer, cleaner, healthier, fairer, and more productive, and to examine the deeper implications of where this new transportation technology wave has led us—and where we want to go next. I see the common ground and research direction with 'The City Science' and Viral Communications research groups. questions cannot be answered in separation. Working under the mentorship at the Lab I want to continue my interdisciplinary trajectory in academic research and practical work. So, today, I’m back on two wheels, helmet strapped on, following new millennial rules of the road. Relaxed and with hair blowing in the breeze, ride/scoot an electric BRiZ into 2020 to figure out what's going on.

eo of Trump's hair, I pedaled over bumpy, dusty dirt paths around my 'dacha', the rural cottage, where like the most of Soviet children were spending the entire summer. The bike wasn't mine. I have never had one. My family couldn't afford it. I borrowed it from my older neighbor. She was at that age when girls are starting to think more about a look and an outfit, rather than enjoying the thrill of a bicycle ride. But her bike wasn't available all the time, so I had to be persuasive to get a vehicle from someone else or to be an outsider-pedestrian. Recently, I was thinking, what if we would have this ‘sharing-mobility back then (to my childhood time). But I was growing up before technology was everywhere and the internet was a thing. In those days, hand brakes and gears were unseen. Riders never wore helmets or special clothing and there were no bicycle lanes marked on streets. We couldn't buy a kick-scooter in a store, so we handmade it from wooden crates from landfills. Bicycles were prized possessions in the neighborhood. Much has changed in the 30 years since on both sides of the ocean. Back in the 2010s, I worked as a project manager of the Russian Innovation Convention in Moscow, со-organized by Skolkovo’s Technopark and took place at the Skolkovo Innovation Center, Russia's version of Silicon Valley. Working at the conventions of 2010 - 2012, I managed guests lists of 10+ thousand participants, young innovators, and entrepreneurs, looking for self-fulfillment in science and high-tech economy. I also worked closely with government officials and high profile speakers from the sphere of innovation. From 2010 to 2012 there were many renowned guests at the Convention, such as Richard Branson(Virgin); Bill Tai (KiteVC), Steve Wozniak (Apple), Harzh Taggar (“Y Combinator”) and so on. For me it was a unique opportunity to see both sides of the coin - get experience, and useful contacts to launch my venture somewhere in the future. The Skolkovo "innovation town" outside Moscow, backed by technology-adherent Russian President Dmitry Medvedev as part of his modernization drive, was supposed to become the country's most ecologically friendly town, with cycle tracks, solar panels, and windmills. These ideas have appeared as a result of encouraging / inspirational visit of Mr. Medvedev and other Russian officials to the original Silicon Valley in California in 2010. I remember when I first visitied Googleplex - Google's campus, it was unbelievable that the bikes come in all shapes and sizes, and are available to pretty much anyone to take just about wherever they please. It was truly brilliant! Google has a large campus that is spread across many miles and buildings. To get from one place to another would be a hassle without the bikes. Over the past decade, corporate bike fleets have become commonplace on Silicon Valley campuses - Apple, Facebook, and others have campus bikes. Dockless and docked bikes have already occupied big cities. Almost 10 years later, Russia's version of Silicon Valley still doesn’t have anything similar. E-bikes are good, but E-scooters might be the new thing. Having ties with my former colleagues at Skolkovo, we are negotiating that the technopark will launch BRiZ e-scooters sharing in 2020. The system should help Skolkovo employees move faster across a fairly large area of ​​the center. BRIZ is a smart dock-less mobility platform, which offers dock-free electric scooter rentals to fulfill short distance, urban and other trips. I am the co-founder and CEO of BRiZ Mobility. But, let's start from the very beginning. I am a politician, public servant and started my career as a grassroots organizer in 2006. In the decade since, I have taken part in several political movements, coordinated numerous political events, organized a political party, run for office, and held leadership positions in the federal government. Since I became involved in public service, I’ve been always advocating for government transparency. The information era and its accompanying tech boom expanded my toolkit. From 2013 to 2016, I coordinated grant competitions for youth all over Russia at the Ministry of Education and its subdivision Federal Agency of Youth Affairs. Two of the biggest challenges facing my team were securely collecting and storing personal data of the participants (33 million youth people in Russia) and implementing a transparent, fair process for selecting grant winners and distributing funds to them. Our solution, the Automatic Information System (AIS) "Youth of Russia," was implemented in 2014, and since then this system is operating. This experience was valuable in terms of managing developers' team, develop a user-friendly big data platform, as well as pushing the slow bureaucratic structures on digital reforms. I completed my Master's degree in 2015 and started my PhD, doing my Masters's degree in Public Administration and a Ph.D. in economics simultaneously. I was then recruited by Moscow Government to work on the preparation of Moscow as one of the Host Cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. However, sometime later, my application was accepted by three Ivy League universities and I moved to New York to study at Columbia University, School of international and public affairs in 2017. The past year at Columbia University has shifted my academic and professional passions towards the Sustainable Development Goals, among them Sustainable cities and communities (including transportation), 'Gender Equality, and its influence on a broad range of fields. At SIPA, I chose Management & Innovation Concentration. Because my background wasn't in tech, I knew I needed to fill some skill gap areas. So I took the opportunity to load up on courses that focus on innovations, sustainability, and urban policy. One of the extremely useful classes was 'Strategic Management of Information & Communications Technologies for the Public Good with Prof. Robert Z Tumin, where we have been examining different policy and managerial cases, and use of established and leading-edge information and communication technologies, among them in transportation (Uber Case). Another one was 'Implementation of Sustainability Strategies' with Prof. Todd Cort. One of the final research project at that class was related to the environmental impact of transport in Europe and the analysis of the combination of bikes and trains that can provide an alternative to less sustainable modes, such as private motor vehicles. In the Fall of 2018, my final portfolio project at SIPA had transformed into my startup business plan, investor pitch deck, and profound research on the market opportunity and competition. My team and I launched the company in February 2019. In the past 9 months following up on the launch of BRiZ, I have been working on a series of tasks to get the business off the ground. So that included everything from submitting our incorporation documents, raising capital, negotiating with suppliers, implementing operations, and developing partnerships to get the business fully up and running. Now that we have launched, my job is continuing to fundraise, work towards our expansion goals, work with governments and oversee the day-to-day operations. Having a public policy background, I also the one who will manage the implementation of technology that will help the company to work smoothly with regulators. BRiZ’s engineers work on imposing parking restrictions so that scooters can’t be parked in spaces rejected by a city; imposing speed limits on scooters within certain parts of a city, and lock scooters that violate those rules. Besides controlling how its scooters work, BRiZ can share its data with city officials to help cities understand traffic patterns and find the best settings for these green transportation solutions. If we have a good relationship with the city, we’ll be able to find the sensible ground where we’re truly improving transportation. According to my research, made before launching BRiZ, most of the electric kick scooters in the scooter-sharing market were designed with serious downsides, such as short lifespan, loads of unnecessary functions, lacking must-have safety features, etc. So, we recreated something that everyone already knows and creates a functional and smart prototype - more efficient - two times longer lifespan (12 months) and is, therefore, two times more profitable than potential competitors. We are going to start with launching a pilot sharing platforms at the beginning of 2020, in major cities around New York; and in Spring 2020 in several major Russian cities and Skolkovo ‘innovation town’. Now, we are meeting different strategic partners and take negotiations with municipalities. eScooters have flooded the streets of world cities. Cities are relatively down for this new era of transportation. Fans of micro-mobility praise its ability to provide efficient and eco-friendly rides. Opponents have questioned the safety and sustainability of micro-mobility. In media micro sharing mobility as part of the trend of the sharing economy can be described as the future durable trend so as a new version of communism. As a millennial leader thinking about trends transforming the global landscape, I would like to utilize my skills, experience, and expertise in issues relating to the interface between sustainable urban development and transport technologies. I am confident that I would bring a strong foundation in understanding the current and future trends. In my objectives to create the multi-functional platform / system to make our urban logistics safer, cleaner, healthier, fairer, and more productive, and to examine the deeper implications of where this new transportation technology wave has led us—and where we want to go next. I see the common ground and research direction with 'The City Science' and Viral Communications research groups. questions cannot be answered in separation. Working under the mentorship at the Lab I want to continue my interdisciplinary trajectory in academic research and practical work. So, today, I’m back on two wheels, helmet strapped on, following new millennial rules of the road. Relaxed and with hair blowing in the breeze, ride/scoot an electric BRiZ into 2020 to figure out what's going on.

e based on the provided data set. You can draw the tree electronically, or draw it by hand and scan or photograph a copy—or use any other appropriate means you wish. 2. How many homoplasies are in the tree? Give the nucleotide position number(s) and tell what character states were independently derived in which species. 3. Two major clades are revealed by the tree. List the species in each clade. What can you say in general about the geographic distribution of each clade? 4. In cases where two species of Map Turtle occupy the same river system, are those species each other’s nearest relatives? Considering their phylogeny and distribution, what speciation events (including such factors as migration, vicariance, etc.) would you predict led to the species found in these rivers and their current distributions?

a program designed to provide a decent standard of living to all Americans by spreading the nation’s wealth among the people. Long proposed capping personal fortunes at $50 million each (roughly $600 million in today's dollars) through a restructured, progressive federal tax code and sharing the resulting revenue with the public through government benefits and public works. In subsequent speeches and writings, he revised his graduated tax levy on wealth over $1 million to cap fortunes at $5 - $8 million (or $60 - $96 million today). The full text of this speech, as printed in Long's official Share Our Wealth pamphlet (see right), appears below. “EVERY MAN A KING” Share Our Wealth Radio Speech by Senator Huey P. Long, of Louisiana, February 23, 1934 I s that a right of life when the young children of this country are being reared into a sphere which is more owned by 12 men than it is by 120,000,000 people?” Ladies and Gentlemen: — I have only 30 minutes in which to speak to you this evening, and I, therefore, will not be able to discuss in detail so much as I can write when I have all of the time and space that is allowed me for the subjects, but I will undertake to sketch them very briefly without manuscript or preparation, so that you can understand them so well as I can tell them to you tonight. I contend, my friends, that we have no difficult problem to solve in America, and that is the view of nearly everyone with whom I have discussed the matter here in Washington and elsewhere throughout the United States—that we have no very difficult problem to solve. It is not the difficulty of the problem which we have; it is the fact that the rich people of this country—and by rich people I mean the super-rich—will not allow us to solve the problems, or rather the one little problem that is afflicting this country, because in order to cure all of our woes it is necessary to scale down the big fortunes, that we may scatter the wealth to be shared by all of the people. We have a marvelous love for this Government of ours; in fact, it is almost a religion, and it is well that it should be, because we have a splendid form of government and we have a splendid set of laws. We have everything here that we need, except that we have neglected the fundamentals upon which the American Government was principally predicated. How many of you remember the first thing that the Declaration of Independence said? It said: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that there are certain inalienable rights for the people, and among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness;" and it said further, "We hold the view that all men are created equal." Now, what did they mean by that? Did they mean, my friends, to say that all men are created equal and that that meant that any one man was born to inherit $10,000,000,000 and that another child was to be born to inherit nothing? Did that mean, my friends, that someone would come into this world without having had an opportunity, of course, to have hit one lick of work, should be born with more than it and all of its children and children's children could ever dispose of, but that another one would have to be born into a life of starvation? That was not the meaning of the Declaration of Independence when it said that all men are created equal or "That we hold that all men are created equal." Nor was it the meaning of the Declaration of Independence when it said that they held that there were certain rights that were inalienable—the right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Is that right of life, my friends, when the young children of this country are being reared into a sphere which is more owned by 12 men than it by 120,000,000 people? Is that, my friends, giving them a fair shake of the dice or anything like the inalienable right of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, or anything resembling the fact that all people are created equal; when we have today in America thousands and hundreds of thousands and millions of children on the verge of starvation in a land that is overflowing with too much to eat and too much to wear? I do not think you will contend that, and I do not think for a moment that they will contend it. Now let us see if we cannot return this Government to the Declaration of Independence and see if we are going to do anything regarding it. Why should we hesitate or why should we quibble or why should we quarrel with one another to find out what the difficulty is, when we know that the Lord told us what the difficulty is, and Moses wrote it out so a blind man could see it, then Jesus told us all about it, and it was later written in the Book of James, where everyone could read it? I refer to the Scriptures, now, my friends, and give you what it says not for the purpose of convincing you of the wisdom of myself, not for the purpose, ladies and gentlemen, of convincing you of the fact that I am quoting the Scriptures means that I am to be more believed than someone else; but I quote you the Scripture, or rather refer you to the Scripture, because whatever you see there you may rely upon will never be disproved so long as you or your children or anyone may live; and you may further depend upon the fact that not one historical fact that the Bible has ever contained has ever yet been disproved by any scientific discovery or by reason of anything that has been disclosed to man through his own individual mind or through the wisdom of the Lord which the Lord has allowed him to have. But the Scripture says, ladies and gentlemen, that no country can survive, or for a country to survive it is necessary that we keep the wealth scattered among the people, that nothing should keep the wealth scattered among the people, that nothing should be held permanently by any one person, and that 50 years seems to be the year of jubilee in which all property would be scattered about and returned to the sources from which it originally came, and every seventh year debt should be remitted. Those two things the Almighty said to be necessary—I should say He knew to be necessary, or else He would not have so prescribed that the property would be kept among the general run of the people, and that everyone would continue to share in it; so that no one man would get half of it and hand it down to a son, who takes half of what was left, and that son hand it down to another one, who would take half of what was left, until, like a snowball going downhill, all of the snow was off of the ground except what the snowball had. I believe that was the judgment and the view and the law of the Lord, that we would have to distribute wealth ever so often, in order that there could not be people starving to death in a land of plenty, as there is in America today. We have in America today more wealth, more goods, more food, more clothing, more houses than we have ever had. We have everything in abundance here. We have the farm problem, my friends, because we have too much cotton, because we have too much wheat, and have too much corn, and too much potatoes. We have a home loan problem, because we have too many houses, and yet nobody can buy them and live in them. We have trouble, my friends, in the country, because we have too much money owing, the greatest indebtedness that has ever been given to civilization, where it has been shown that we are incapable of distributing the actual things that are here, because the people have not money enough to supply themselves with them, and because the greed of a few men is such that they think it is necessary that they own everything, and their pleasure consists in the starvation of the masses, and in their possessing things they cannot use, and their children cannot use, but who bask in the splendor of sunlight and wealth, casting darkness and despair and impressing it on everyone else. "So, therefore," said the Lord in effect, "if you see these things that now have occurred and exist in this and other countries, there must be a constant scattering of wealth in any country if this country is to survive." "Then," said the Lord, in effect, "every seventh year there shall be a remission of debts; there will be no debts after 7 years." That was the law. Now, let us take America today. We have in America today, ladies and gentlemen, $272,000,000,000 of debt. Two hundred and seventy-two thousand millions of dollars of debts are owed by the various people of this country today. Why, my friends, that cannot be paid. It is not possible for that kind of debt to be paid. The entire currency of the United States is only $6,000,000,000. That is all of the money that we have got in America today. All the actual money you have got in all of your banks, all that you have got in the Government Treasury, is $6,000,000,000; and if you took all that money and paid it out today you would still owe $266,000,000,000; and if you took all that money and paid again you would still owe $260,000,000,000; and if you took it, my friends, 20 times and paid it you would still owe $150,000,000,000. You would have to have 45 times the entire money supply of the United States today to pay the debts of the people of America and then they would just have to start out from scratch, without a dime to go on with. So, my friends, it is impossible to pay all of these debts, and you might as well find out that it cannot be done. The United States Supreme Court has definitely found out that it could not be done, because, in a Minnesota case, it held that when a State has postponed the evil day of collecting a debt it was a valid and constitutional exercise of legislative power. Now, ladies and gentlemen, if I may proceed to give you some other words that I think you can understand—I am not going to belabor you by quoting tonight—I am going to tell you what the wise men of all ages and all times, down even to the present day, have all said: That you must keep the wealth of the country scattered, and you must limit the amount that any one man can own. You cannot let any man own §300,000,000,000 or $400,000,000,000. If you do, one man can own all of the wealth that the United States has in it. Now, my friends, if you were off on an island where there were 100 lunches, you could not let one man eat up the hundred lunches, or take the hundred lunches and not let anybody else eat any of them. If you did, there would not be anything else for the balance of the people to consume. So, we have in America today, my friends, a condition by which about 10 men dominate the means of activity in at least 85 percent of the activities that you own. They either own directly everything or they have got some kind of mortgage on it, with a very small percentage to be excepted. They own the banks, they own the steel mills, they own the railroads, they own the bonds, they own the mortgages, they own the stores, and they have chained the country from one end to the other until there is not any kind of business that a small, independent man could go into today and make a living, and there is not any kind of business that an independent man can go into and make any money to buy an automobile with; and they have finally and gradually and steadily eliminated everybody from the fields in which there is a living to be made, and still they have got little enough sense to think they ought to be able to get more business out of it anyway. If you reduce a man to the point where he is starving to death and bleeding and dying, how do you expect that man to get hold of any money to spend with you? It is not possible. Then, ladies and gentlemen, how do you expect people to live, when the wherewith cannot be had by the people? In the beginning I quoted from the Scriptures. I hope you will understand that I am not quoting Scripture to you to convince you of my goodness personally, because that is a thing between me and my Maker; that is something as to how I stand with my Maker and as to how you stand with your Maker. That is not concerned with this issue, except and unless there are those of you who would be so good as to pray for the souls of some of UK. Rut the Lord gave His law, and in the Book of James they said so, that the rich should weep and howl for the miseries that had come upon them; and, therefore, it was written that when the rich hold goods they could not use and could not consume, you will inflict punishment on them, and nothing but days of woe ahead of them. Then we have heard of the great Greek philosopher, Socrates, and the greater Greek philosopher, Plato, and we have read the dialogue between Plato and Socrates, in which one said that great riches brought on great poverty, and would be destructive of a country. Read what they said. Read what Plato said; that you must not let any one man be too poor, and you must not let any one man be too rich; that the same mill that grinds out the extra rich is the mill that will grind out the extra poor, because, in order that the extra rich can become so affluent, they must necessarily take more of what ordinarily would belong to the average man. It is a very simple process of mathematics that you do not have to study, and that no one is going to discuss with you. So that was the view of Socrates and Plato. That was the view of the English statesmen. That was the view of American statesmen. That was the view of American statesmen like Daniel Webster, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, William Jennings Bryan, and Theodore Roosevelt, and even as late as Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt. Both of these men, Mr. Hoover and Mr. Roosevelt, came out and said there had to be a decentralization of wealth, but neither one of them did anything about it. But, nevertheless, they recognized the principle. The fact that neither one of them ever did anything about it is their own problem that I am not undertaking to criticize; but had Mr. Hoover carried out what he says ought to be done, he would be retiring from the President's office, very probably, 8 years from now, instead of 1 year ago; and had Mr. Roosevelt proceeded along the lines that he stated were necessary for the decentralization of wealth, he would have gone, my friends, a long way already, and within a few months he would have probably reached a solution of all of the problems that afflict this country today. But I wish to warn you now that nothing that has been done up to this date has taken one dime away from these big fortune-holders; they own just as much as they did, and probably a little bit more; they hold just as many of the debts of the common people as they ever held, and probably a little bit more; and unless we, my friends, are going to give the people of this country a fair shake of the dice, by which they will all get something out of the funds of this land, there is not a chance on the topside of this God's eternal earth by which we can rescue this country and rescue the people of this country. It is necessary to save the government of the country, but is much more necessary to save the people of America. We love this country. We love this Government. It is a religion, I say. It is a kind of religion people have read of when women, in the name of religion, would take their infant babes and throw them into the burning flame, where they would be instantly devoured by the all-consuming fire, in days gone by; and there probably are some people of the world even today, who, in the name of religion, throw their own babes to destruction; but in the name of our good government, people today are seeing their own children hungry, tired, half-naked, lifting their tear-dimmed eyes into the sad faces of their fathers and mothers, who cannot give them food and clothing they both need, and which is necessary to sustain them, and that goes on day after day, and night after night, when day gets into darkness and blackness, knowing those children would arise in the morning without being fed, and probably go to bed at night without being fed. Yet in the name of our Government, and all alone, those people undertake and strive as hard as they can to keep a good government alive, and how long they can stand that no one knows. If I were in their place tonight, the place where millions are, I hope that I would have what I might say—I cannot give you the word to express the kind of fortitude they have; that is the word—I hope that I might have the fortitude to praise and honor my Government that had allowed me here in this land, where there is too much to eat and too much to wear, to starve in order that a handful of men can have so much more than they can ever eat or they can ever wear. Now, we have organized a society, and we call it "Share Our Wealth Society," a society with the motto "Every Man a King." Every man a king, so there would be no such thing as a man or woman who did not have the necessities of life, who would not be dependent upon the whims and caprices and ipsi dixit of the financial barons for a living. What do we propose by this society? We propose to limit the wealth of big men in the country. There is an average of $15,000 in wealth to every family in America. That is right here today. We do not propose to divide it up equally. We do not propose a division of wealth, but we propose to limit poverty that we will allow to be inflicted upon any man's family. We will not say we are going to try to guarantee any equality, or $15,000 to a family. No; but we do say that one third of the average is low enough for any one family to hold, that there should be a guarantee of a family wealth of around $5,000; enough for a home, an automobile, a radio, and the ordinary conveniences, and the opportunity to educate their children; a fair share of the income of this land thereafter to that family so there will be no such thing as merely the select to have those things, and so there will be no such thing as a family living in poverty and distress. We have to limit fortunes. Our present plan is that we will allow no one man to own more that $50,000,000. We think that with that limit we will be able to carry out the balance of the program. It may be necessary that we limit it to less than $50,000,000. It may be necessary, in working out of the plans that no man's fortune would be more than $10,000,000 or $15,000,000. But be that as it may, it will still be more than any one man, or any one man and his children and their children, will be able to spend in their lifetimes; and it is not necessary or reasonable to have wealth piled up beyond that point where we cannot prevent poverty among the masses. Another thing we propose is old-age pension of $30 a month for everyone that is 60 years old. Now, we do not give this pension to a man making $1,000 a year, and we do not give it to him if he has $10,000 in property, but outside of that we do. We will limit hours of work. There is not any necessity of having overproduction. I think all you have got to do, ladies and gentlemen, is just limit the hours of work to such an extent as people will work only so long as it is necessary to produce enough for all of the people to have what they need. Why, ladies and gentlemen, let us say that all of these labor-saving devices reduce hours down to where you do not have to work but 4 hours a day; that is enough for these people, and then praise be the name of the Lord, if it gets that good. Let it be good and not a curse, and then we will have 5 hours a day and 5 days a week-, or even less than that, and we might give a man a whole month off during a year, or give him 2 months; and we might do what other countries have seen fit to do, and what I did in Louisiana, by having schools by which adults could go back and learn the things that have been discovered since they went to school. We will not have any trouble taking care of the agricultural situation. All you have to do is balance your production with your consumption. You simply have to abandon a particular crop that you have too much of, and all you have to do is store the surplus for the next year, and the Government will take it over. When you have good crops in the area in which the crops that have been planted are sufficient for another year, put in your public works in the particular year when you do not need to raise any more, and by that means you get everybody employed. When the Government has enough of any particular crop to take care of all of the people, that will be all that is necessary; and in order to do all of this, our taxation is going to be to take the billion-dollar fortunes and strip them down to frying size, not to exceed $50,000,000, and if it is necessary to come to $10,000,000, we will come to $10,000,000. We have worked the proposition out to guarantee a limit upon property (and no man will own less than one-third the average), and guarantee a reduction of fortunes and a reduction of hours to spread wealth throughout this country. We would care for the old people above 60 and take them away from this thriving industry and give them a chance to enjoy the necessities and live in ease, and thereby lift from the market the labor which would probably create a surplus of commodities. Those are the things we propose to do. "Every Man a King." Every man to eat when there is something to eat; all to wear something when there is something to wear. That makes us all a sovereign. You cannot solve these things through these various and sundry alphabetical codes. You can have the N. R. A. and P. W. A. and C. W. A. and the U. U. G. and G. I. N. and any other kind of dad-gummed lettered code. You can wait until doomsday and see 25 more alphabets, but that is not going to solve this proposition. Why hide? Why quibble? You know what the trouble is. The man that says he does not know what the trouble is is just hiding his face to keep from seeing the sunlight. God told you what the trouble was. The philosophers told you what the trouble was; and when you have a country where one man owns more than 100,000 people, or a million people, and when you have a country where there are four men, as in America, that have got more control over things than all the 120,000,000 people together, you know what the trouble is. We had these great incomes in this country; but the farmer, who plowed from sunup to sundown, who labored here from sunup to sundown for 6 days a week, wound up at the end of the time with practically nothing. And we ought to take care of the veterans of the wars in this program. That is a small matter. Suppose it does cost a billion dollars a year—that means that the money will be scattered throughout this country. We ought to pay them a bonus. We can do it. We ought to take care of every single one of the sick and disabled veterans. I do not care whether a man got sick on the battlefield or did not; every man that wore the uniform of this country is entitled to be taken care of, and there is money enough to do it; and we need to spread the wealth of the country, which you did not do in what you call the N. R. A. If the N. R. A. has done any good, I can put it all in my eye without having it hurt. All I can see that the N. R. A. has done is to put the little man out of business—the little merchant in his store, the little Italian that is running a fruit stand, or the Greek shoe-shining stand, who has to take hold of a code of 275 pages and study it with a spirit level and compass and looking-glass; he has to hire a Philadelphia lawyer to tell him what is in the code; and by the time he learns what the code is, he is in jail or out of business; and they have got a chain code system that has already put him out of business. The N. R. A. is not worth anything, and I said so when they put it through. Now, my friends, we have got to hit the root with the ax. Centralized power in the hands of a few, with centralized credit in the hands of a few, is the trouble. Get together in your community tonight or tomorrow and organize one of our Share Our Wealth Societies. If you do not understand it, write me and let me send you the platform; let me give you the proof of it. This is Huey P. Long talking, United States Senator, Washington, D. C. Write me and let me send you the data on this proposition. Enroll with us. Let us make known to the people what we are going to do. I will send you a button, if I have got enough of them left. We have got a little button that some of our friends designed, with our message around the rim of the button, and in the center "Every Man a King." Many thousands of them are meeting through the United States, and every day we are getting hundreds and hundreds of letters. Share Our Wealth Societies are now being organized, and people have it within their power to relieve themselves from this terrible situation. Look at what the Mayo brothers announced this week, these greatest scientists of all the world today, who are entitled to have more money than all the Morgans and the Rockefellers, or anyone else, and yet the Mayos turn back their big fortunes to be used for treating the sick, and said they did not want to lay up fortunes in this earth, but wanted to turn them back where they would do some good; but the other big capitalists are not willing to do that, are not willing to do what these men, 10 times more worthy, have already done, and it is going to take a law to require them to do it. Organize your Share Our Wealth Society and get your people to meet with you, and make known your wishes to your Senators and Representatives in Congress. Now, my friends, I am going to stop. I thank you for this opportunity to talk to you. I am having to talk under the auspices and by the grace and permission of the National Broadcasting System tonight, and they are letting me talk free. If I had the money, and I wish I had the money, I would like to talk to you more often on this line, but I have not got it, and I cannot expect these people to give it to me free except on some rare instance. But, my friends, I hope to have the opportunity to talk with you, and I am writing to you, and I hope that you will get up and help in the work, because the resolutions and bills are before Congress, and we hope to have your help in getting together and organizing your Share Our Wealth Societies. Now, that I have but a minute left, I want to say that I suppose my family is listening in on the radio in New Orleans, and I will say to my wife and three children that I am entirely well and hope to be home before many more days, and I hope they have listened to my speech tonight, and I wish them and all of their neighbors and friends everything good that may be had. I thank you, my friends, for your kind attention, and I hope you will enroll with us, take care of your own work in the work of this Government, and share or help in our Share Our Wealth Societies. I thank you.

survey of all their employees found that employees were required to respond to an average of 50 work-related emails per week with a standard deviation of 1.5 emails per week. However, an employee advocacy group believes the average number of work-related emails Indigo Insurance Company employees are now required to respond to is more than 50 emails per week. To investigate this further, the employee advocacy group took a random sample of 20 staff employed by Indigo Insurance Company during the second week of March 2018,and asked these employees to record the number of work-related emails to which they were required to respond. (b). What does the highlighted section of the distribution in Figure 1 represent? (c). The random sample of 20 employees of Indigo Insurance Company taken by the employee advocacy group turned out to have a mean of 50.8 work-related emails to respond to in that week. Does this sample look like it belongs to the sampling distribution displayed in Figure 1? Justify your answer. (d). Given the sample was randomly selected and that the number of work-related emails each employee was required to respond to was recorded accurately, what conclusion can we reach from part (c)? To answer questions (b) to (d), consider the sampling distribution shown in Figure 1.

). When she gave me a UA she said I had failed it for methamphetamine (there was a very faint line on the instant test, which means she should’ve counted that a negative for meth result. I have been sober from methamphetamine for more than a year. I would admit if I relapsed, especially since I already knew I was going to get violated for the DUI. She said she sent in my UA and 3 days later got the results back and they were positive (I have not seen the “results”). Is there somewhere I can find scientific proof that these drug tests, especially the instant panel tests, are not fool proof? Especially since I am prescribed non-time release Adderall, Wellbutrin, and gabapentin. That there is also plenty of other things that can interfere/mess with these tests? Can you please recommend any text books, websites, and/or science journals that would help me prove this?

ave a horizontal tangent line at x = 1 ? (Without using differentiation rules) For each statement, explain why it must be true, or use an example to show that it can be false. a)If y = f ( x ) has a horizontal tangent line at x = 1 then y = g ( x ) , where g ( x ) = f ( x − 1 ) + 1 , has a horizontal tangent line at x = 2 . b)A tangent line always has exactly one point in common with the graph of the function.

list uses dynamic memory allocation to grow as the size of the data set grows. Unlike linked lists, a binary search tree is very fast to insert, delete and search. Project Description When an author produce an index for his or her book, the first step in this process is to decide which words should go into the index; the second is to produce a list of the pages where each word occurs. Instead of trying to choose words out of our heads, we decided to let the computer produce a list of all the unique words used in the manuscript and their frequency of occurrence. We could then go over the list and choose which words to put into the index. The main object in this problem is a "word" with associated frequency. The tentative definition of "word" here is a string of alphanumeric characters between markers where markers are white space and all punctuation marks; anything non-alphanumeric stops the reading. If we skip all un-allowed characters before getting the string, we should have exactly what we want. Ignoring words of fewer than three letters will remove from consideration such as "a", "is", "to", "do", and "by" that do not belong in an index. In this project, you are asked to write a program to read any text file and then list all the "words" in alphabetic order with their frequency together appeared in the article. The "word" is defined above and has at least three letters. Note: Your result should be printed to an output file named YourUserID.txt. You need to create a Binary Search Tree (BST) to store all the word object by writing an insertion or increment function. Finally, a proper traversal print function of the BST should be able to output the required results. The BST class in the text can not be used directly to solve this problem. It is also NOT a good idea to modify the BST class to solve this problem. Instead, the following codes are recommended to start your program. //Data stored in the node type struct WordCount { string word; int count; }; //Node type: struct TreeNode { WordCount info; TreeNode * left; TreeNode * right; }; // Two function's prototype // Increments the frequency count if the string is in the tree // or inserts the string if it is not there. void Insert(TreeNode*&, string); // Prints the words in the tree and their frequency counts. void PrintTree(TreeNode* , ofstream&); //Start your main function and the definitions of above two functions. Sample Run Please type the text file name: Lincoln.txt Please give the output text file name: mus11.txt You are done! You can open the file "mus11.txt" to check. Press any key to continue ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lincoln.txt--- The Gettysburg Address Gettysburg, Pennsylvania November 19, 1863 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mus11.txt 1863 1 Address 1 But 1 Four 1 Gettysburg 2 God 1 Liberty 1 November 1 Now 1 Pennsylvania 1 The 3 above 1 add 1 advanced 1 ago 1 all 1 altogether 1 and 6 any 1 are 3 battle-field 1 before 1 birth 1 brave 1 brought 1 but 1 can 5 cause 1 civil 1 come 1 conceived 2 consecrate 1 consecrated 1 continent 1 created 1 dead 3 dedicate 2 dedicated 4 detract 1 devotion 2 did 1 died 1 earth 1 endure 1 engaged 1 equal 1 far 2 fathers 1 field 1 final 1 fitting 1 for 5 forget 1 forth 1 fought 1 freedom 1 from 2 full 1 gave 2 government 1 great 3 ground 1 hallow 1 have 5 here 8 highly 1 honored 1 increased 1 larger 1 last 1 little 1 live 1 lives 1 living 2 long 2 measure 1 men 2 met 1 might 1 nation 5 never 1 new 2 nobly 1 nor 1 not 5 note 1 our 2 people 3 perish 1 place 1 poor 1 portion 1 power 1 proper 1 proposition 1 rather 2 remaining 1 remember 1 resolve 1 resting 1 say 1 score 1 sense 1 seven 1 shall 3 should 1 struggled 1 take 1 task 1 testing 1 that 13 the 9 their 1 these 2 they 3 this 4 those 1 thus 1 under 1 unfinished 1 vain 1 war 2 what 2 whether 1 which 2 who 3 will 1 work 1 world 1 years 1